Research Article
The Influence of Gender and Academic Specialization on the Physical and Anthropometric Traits of Cameroonian Students in Sports Programs
Issue:
Volume 13, Issue 2, June 2025
Pages:
24-31
Received:
13 February 2025
Accepted:
3 March 2025
Published:
10 April 2025
Abstract: Understanding the physical and anthropometric profiles of students in sciences and techniques of physical and sports activities (STPSA) programs is crucial for developing effective training strategies. This study aimed to examine the impact of gender and academic specialization on the physical fitness and body composition of 136 Cameroonian STPSA students (98 males, 38 females) aged 18 to 25. Various parameters were assessed, including anthropometric measurements (height, weight, body mass index), body composition (fat percentage, muscle mass), hemodynamic parameters (systolic and diastolic blood pressure, resting heart rate), and physical fitness tests (upper body, leg, and trunk strength, as well as aerobic endurance). Results showed no significant differences in height and weight across academic levels, suggesting that these traits stabilize before university. However, significant gender differences were found, with males being taller and heavier than females (p<0.001). Females also had higher body fat percentages and lower muscle mass compared to males (p<0.001). Regarding hemodynamic, level 3 students exhibited significantly higher diastolic blood pressure than those in levels 1 and 2 (p<0.05). Gender differences were also significant, with females showing lower systolic blood pressure and higher resting heart rates than males (p<0.001 and p<0.01, respectively). In physical performance, no significant differences were found based on academic level, but females demonstrated lower endurance in upper and lower limbs, and reduced trunk strength compared to males (p<0.01 - p<0.001). Additionally, female students had significantly lower aerobic endurance (p<0.05). These results highlight the importance of gender-specific interventions in STPSA programs. While academic level did not significantly affect physical fitness, gender differences in body composition and performance suggest that tailored training programs are needed to improve overall fitness outcomes for female students.
Abstract: Understanding the physical and anthropometric profiles of students in sciences and techniques of physical and sports activities (STPSA) programs is crucial for developing effective training strategies. This study aimed to examine the impact of gender and academic specialization on the physical fitness and body composition of 136 Cameroonian STPSA s...
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Review Article
Newton’s Second Law in Sports Science and Biomechanics: Bridging Physics and Human Performance
Gulhan Erdem Subak*
Issue:
Volume 13, Issue 2, June 2025
Pages:
32-38
Received:
19 March 2025
Accepted:
10 April 2025
Published:
29 April 2025
DOI:
10.11648/j.ajss.20251302.12
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Abstract: Newton’s second law (F=ma) is a fundamental principle of classical mechanics, forming the basis for understanding motion and force in both theoretical and applied sciences. In recent years, its relevance has expanded into fields such as sports science and biomechanics, where accurate force modeling is essential for performance enhancement and injury prevention. This study aims to explore how Newton’s second law is applied within these domains, highlighting its role in improving athletic training, motion analysis, and safety protocols. A systematic review of twelve peer-reviewed articles from Web of Science and PubMed was conducted, with studies selected through clear inclusion and exclusion criteria. The literature reveals that applying F=ma enables detailed biomechanical modeling, helping to quantify ground reaction forces, evaluate acceleration during resistance training, and assess impact forces during athletic activities. Notably, pneumatic resistance training was associated with increased acceleration and power output, while traditional free-weight training improved maximal force generation. The principle also contributes to safety improvements, such as minimizing head acceleration in soccer and refining impact assessments with deformable objects. Despite these advances, challenges remain in force measurement due to limitations in mass estimation and equipment calibration. Overall, the findings underscore the critical role of physics-based approaches in biomechanics and support the integration of cross-disciplinary education to optimize performance and safety in sports settings.
Abstract: Newton’s second law (F=ma) is a fundamental principle of classical mechanics, forming the basis for understanding motion and force in both theoretical and applied sciences. In recent years, its relevance has expanded into fields such as sports science and biomechanics, where accurate force modeling is essential for performance enhancement and injur...
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