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Research Article
An Exquisitely Fine Paint Brush for the Turin Shroud’s Body Image
Issue:
Volume 13, Issue 2, December 2025
Pages:
141-151
Received:
13 May 2025
Accepted:
11 June 2025
Published:
14 July 2025
Abstract: The Shroud’s body image is a monochromatic half-tone made from a huge number of short, straw yellow discolorations. These discolorations donot penetrate the trheads oreven all the way through the fibers which make up the threads. They appear only on a thin outer layer of the fibers, the fiber primary cell walls. In this work we show that the radioactive isotope rubidium 87 is found in linen fiber’s primary cell walls in sufficient concentrations to initiate yellowing should a large proportion undergo beta decay. This kind of nuclear decay involves the emission of an anti-neutrino which escapes, so that the electron which is produced concurrently can have a variety of kinetic energies and can be launched in a variety of directions. We argue that radiation damage from electron irradiation could have produced uniform yellowing of the fiber primary cell walls and have quenched ultra-violet fluorescence, both characteristics of the Shroud’s body image. Recent developements in the theory of quantum foundations point to the existance of a world, indistinguishable from ours and occupying our same spactime, in which the image was, with certainty, created by 87Rb decays.
Abstract: The Shroud’s body image is a monochromatic half-tone made from a huge number of short, straw yellow discolorations. These discolorations donot penetrate the trheads oreven all the way through the fibers which make up the threads. They appear only on a thin outer layer of the fibers, the fiber primary cell walls. In this work we show that the radioa...
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Research Article
Blood Transfer to the Shroud of Turin: The Washing Hypothesis Revisited
Kelly Kearse*
Issue:
Volume 13, Issue 2, December 2025
Pages:
152-156
Received:
12 June 2025
Accepted:
23 June 2025
Published:
16 July 2025
Abstract: The Shroud of Turin is an important archaeological artifact that has been suggested to represent either the burial cloth of the historical Jesus of Nazareth or a clever hoax created during the medieval era. Previous studies have established that authentic blood components are present within the wound areas and shown that numerous serum borders exist, indicative of clotted blood being transferred to the cloth. Controversy exists regarding whether the body would have been washed prior to envelopment in the burial shroud. It has been suggested that Jewish burial customs would have prohibited washing of the body under these circumstances; in this case, resultant blood transfer would likely have occurred either when the blood was relatively fresh and in a liquid or gelatinous state, or after having dried and being remoistened via a high humidity, cave tomb environment. Alternatively, it has been proposed that the body was washed, followed by post-mortem emission from wounds, which were then transferred onto the cloth. Indeed, post-mortem blood has been found to rarely coagulate under these conditions, making such transfer possible even hours after death. The current study demonstrates that inhibition of coagulation precludes the formation of serum borders in bloodstains, an observation which is incompatible with what is observed on the Shroud. These data indicate that it is unlikely that the primary blood transfer mechanism involved washing of the body and subsequent post-mortem emission from wounds.
Abstract: The Shroud of Turin is an important archaeological artifact that has been suggested to represent either the burial cloth of the historical Jesus of Nazareth or a clever hoax created during the medieval era. Previous studies have established that authentic blood components are present within the wound areas and shown that numerous serum borders exis...
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Research Article
Atlantis Is Not an Imaginary Myth But Pure Reality
İsmet Gedik*
Issue:
Volume 13, Issue 2, December 2025
Pages:
157-170
Received:
23 April 2025
Accepted:
12 May 2025
Published:
30 July 2025
Abstract: Plato mentions in Timaeus and Critias a submerged country called Atlantis with a size about 540 x 190km, having a lake at one end with islands on it. It opens to a very large ocean with a narrow strait called Heracles Pillars. To the north of this fertile plain, through which a river flows and all kinds of plants and fruits grow, there is a high mountain range. Geological and archaeological data on the development of humanity indicate that the time before 12 thousand years coincided with an ice age. During the ice age, the sea receded from the Persian Gulf and there was only one lake with islands left near the Strait of Hormuz. The Persian Gulf turned into a continental area between 115 and 15 thousand years ago. The recovering of the Persian Gulf by the sea begins 14,000 years ago and ends 7,000 years ago. The modern humans emerged in East Africa 70,000 years ago, settled in this very fertile plain protected from the northern winds by the Zagros Mountains. When the plain began to be covered with the sea again people living there migrated to the Fertile Crescent region and formed the first social settlements. The Basra-Hormuz Plain is completely identical to the land of Atlantis described by Plato. Sumerian King List tablet contains sentences indicating clearly that Sumerian people migrated from an island to another during their past history. And all those islands must be at the bottom of Persian Gulf.
Abstract: Plato mentions in Timaeus and Critias a submerged country called Atlantis with a size about 540 x 190km, having a lake at one end with islands on it. It opens to a very large ocean with a narrow strait called Heracles Pillars. To the north of this fertile plain, through which a river flows and all kinds of plants and fruits grow, there is a high mo...
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Research Article
Single Root Molars- Prevalence in Modern Population and Its Relation to Dental Evolution
Issue:
Volume 13, Issue 2, December 2025
Pages:
171-177
Received:
5 October 2025
Accepted:
20 October 2025
Published:
26 November 2025
DOI:
10.11648/j.ija.20251302.14
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Abstract: Background and Aim: Anatomic variation in root morphology of permanent molars that have been reported pertain to the presence of additional roots, canals or fused roots and C-shaped canals. The occurrence of a single root in molars (SRM) is rare. The aim of the study was to determine the prevalence of single root molar in a large sample of Israeli population and to correlate the crown size of SRM to dental evolution of HS. Methods: 2425 panoramic radiographs of modern healthy patients were examined on a light table and the prevalence of SRM was determined. The crown width (MD) of the mandibular second molars of normal two rooted molars, single root molars and homologue two-rooted molars were measured using a digital caliber on a light table. The results of the crown width were compared to anthropological populations (Early HSS and Neanderthals) and archeological population from excavations in Israel from 3000 BC to 13-19 century AC. Results: The prevalence of single root molars in the modern population was 6.13%. No significant differences were found between males and females. In the upper jaw single root molar was found in both first and second molars while in the lower jaw only second molars showed SRM. In both the Neanderthal and Early HSS groups 1 case with single root molars were found. No single root molars were found in the archeological groups from Israel excavations (3000 years BC till 19th century AC). The size of the crown was relatively stable during evolution but during the modern period the MD size of the crown was significantly reduced. The crowns of the molars with single root showed significant reduction in comparison to two-rooted molars and even to homologues molars with two roots and the differences were significant statistically (P value<0.01). The homologue two-rooted second molars showed results between the normal population and single root molars. Discussion: This is the first analysis of the prevalence of single root molar in a large population of Israel. The results showed that the crown size is decreasing during the modern period and this reduction is increasing in single root molars, implicating that an on-going reduction in tooth size is happening, probably due to reduction of jaw size and the major changes in food processing and mastication forces.
Abstract: Background and Aim: Anatomic variation in root morphology of permanent molars that have been reported pertain to the presence of additional roots, canals or fused roots and C-shaped canals. The occurrence of a single root in molars (SRM) is rare. The aim of the study was to determine the prevalence of single root molar in a large sample of Israeli ...
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