Review Article
Review of Genetic and Environmental Drivers of
Post-harvest Physiological Deterioration in Cassava: Implications for Breeding and Food Security
Issue:
Volume 14, Issue 3, June 2026
Pages:
115-123
Received:
16 March 2026
Accepted:
27 March 2026
Published:
14 May 2026
DOI:
10.11648/j.jps.20261403.11
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Abstract: Postharvest physiological deterioration (PPD) is one of the most critical constraints limiting the storage, marketing, and utilization of cassava (Manihot esculenta). The rapid onset of PPD after harvest, often within 24-72 hours, leads to discoloration, tissue breakdown, and significant reductions in root quality, resulting in postharvest losses that can reach up to 50% in many cassava-producing regions. This problem is particularly severe in sub-Saharan Africa, where cassava serves as a major staple crop and a primary source of calories for hundreds of millions of people. Understanding the underlying drivers of PPD is therefore essential for improving Cassava shelf life and strengthening food security. This study synthesizes current knowledge on the genetic and environmental factors controlling PPD in cassava and highlights their implications for breeding programs. Evidence indicates that PPD is a genetically regulated physiological response triggered by harvest-induced wounding and mediated through complex biochemical pathways, including reactive oxygen species (ROS) accumulation, phenolic metabolism, and antioxidant defense systems. Significant genetic variability exists among cassava genotypes in their tolerance to PPD, with certain cultivars exhibiting delayed deterioration due to enhanced antioxidant activity and more efficient stress-response mechanisms. Advances in molecular genetics, including genome-wide association studies, single nucleotide polymorphism markers, and genomic-assisted selection, have enabled the identification of loci associated with PPD tolerance and accelerated the development of improved cassava varieties. In addition to genetic determinants, environmental factors such as temperature, humidity, harvesting methods, and storage conditions strongly influence the onset and progression of PPD. The interaction between genotype and environment further complicates the evaluation of PPD resistance, necessitating multi-environment trials and advanced statistical models to identify stable and adaptable genotypes. Integrating genetic improvement with optimized postharvest handling and storage practices offers a promising strategy to mitigate PPD. Ultimately, the development of cassava varieties with enhanced resistance to physiological deterioration will reduce postharvest losses, improve marketability, and contribute significantly to food security and the livelihoods of smallholder farmers in cassava-dependent regions.
Abstract: Postharvest physiological deterioration (PPD) is one of the most critical constraints limiting the storage, marketing, and utilization of cassava (Manihot esculenta). The rapid onset of PPD after harvest, often within 24-72 hours, leads to discoloration, tissue breakdown, and significant reductions in root quality, resulting in postharvest losses t...
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,
Alusaine Edward Samura
