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Research Article
Price and Income Elasticities of Demand for Alcoholic Beverages in Mozambique: Analysis Based on Household Consumption and Expenditure Survey (HBS 2019/20)
Sandre José Macia*
,
Carlos Francisco Xavier Filimone
Issue:
Volume 13, Issue 2, April 2025
Pages:
82-91
Received:
26 February 2025
Accepted:
8 March 2025
Published:
21 March 2025
Abstract: The consumption of alcohol and its impact on people's health and society is a topic of great interest to scholars, policy makers and the public. Numerous global studies have estimated the demand elasticity of price and income for alcoholic beverages, acknowledging the economic nature of alcohol as a commodity and its susceptibility to price and income factors. However, research conducted in Mozambique, on alcohol consumption, primarily examines vulnerable groups’ consumption patterns and perceptions of alcohol as a public health issue. The other focus of the studies is the prevalence of consumption in population. Therefore, as we know, there are no studies that focus on demand of alcohol beverages in Mozambique. The current study aims to contribute to fill this gap of information, contributing for a better understanding of the impact of prices and income on the consumption of alcoholic beverages in Mozambique, by estimating the demand elasticities based in four categories of alcoholic beverages (beer, wine, spirits and homemade beverages). The study used data from the fifth Household Consumption Expenditure Survey (HBS 2019/20) carried out by National Statistics Institute of Mozambique. The Almost Ideal AIDS Demand System (AIDS) and the Seemingly Unrelated Regressions (SUR) approaches were used to estimate the demand elasticities. The results reveal that the beer is price and income elastic, while other types of alcoholic beverages are price and income inelastic. Thus, the consumers of wine, spirits and homemade alcoholic beverages are much less sensitive to price and income variations than the consumers of beer.
Abstract: The consumption of alcohol and its impact on people's health and society is a topic of great interest to scholars, policy makers and the public. Numerous global studies have estimated the demand elasticity of price and income for alcoholic beverages, acknowledging the economic nature of alcohol as a commodity and its susceptibility to price and inc...
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Review Article
Dialysis in Guam: An Overview for the Underserved Island
Claire Liu*
Issue:
Volume 13, Issue 2, April 2025
Pages:
92-96
Received:
12 March 2025
Accepted:
24 March 2025
Published:
10 April 2025
Abstract: Dialysis is a critical life-saving treatment for individuals with end-stage renal disease (ESRD), a condition where the kidneys can no longer function effectively. In Guam, a U.S. territory in the Pacific Ocean with a population of approximately 170,000, the provision of dialysis services faces significant challenges due to the island’s unique healthcare landscape. This review provides a comprehensive analysis of dialysis in Guam, focusing on the epidemiology of chronic kidney disease (CKD) and ESRD, the current state of dialysis services, and the challenges faced by patients and healthcare providers. The prevalence of CKD and ESRD in Guam is higher than the U.S. national average, particularly among the native Chamorro population and other Pacific Islanders. Risk factors such as diabetes, hypertension, obesity, and limited access to healthcare contribute to the high burden of kidney disease. Dialysis services on the island are provided through a limited number of facilities, including private dialysis centers and multiple acute care hospitals, but capacity constraints, long wait times, and workforce shortages hinder access to care. Patients often face logistical, financial, and emotional challenges, exacerbated by Guam’s geographic isolation and the high cost of treatment. To address these issues, this review proposes strategies such as expanding dialysis capacity, enhancing workforce development, and improving financial access to care. Investments in home dialysis programs, training for healthcare professionals, and policy reforms to increase insurance coverage are essential to meet the growing demand for dialysis services. By addressing these challenges, Guam can improve the quality of life for individuals with ESRD and reduce the burden on its healthcare system. This review underscores the urgent need for targeted interventions and long-term investments to ensure equitable access to dialysis care for the people of Guam.
Abstract: Dialysis is a critical life-saving treatment for individuals with end-stage renal disease (ESRD), a condition where the kidneys can no longer function effectively. In Guam, a U.S. territory in the Pacific Ocean with a population of approximately 170,000, the provision of dialysis services faces significant challenges due to the island’s unique heal...
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Review Article
Integrating Traditional Medicine into Nigeria’s National Healthcare System: A Literature Review
Olumayowa Adeleke Idowu*
Issue:
Volume 13, Issue 2, April 2025
Pages:
97-105
Received:
29 March 2025
Accepted:
8 April 2025
Published:
29 April 2025
DOI:
10.11648/j.sjph.20251302.13
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Views:
Abstract: United Nations Sustainable Develop Goal (SDG) number 3 is to “Ensure healthy lives and promote the well-being for all at all ages”. To achieve the SDGs by 2030, the United Nations expects all countries and stakeholders to act in a collaborative partnership to implement the action plan forward in 2015. However, the attitude, and actions of Nigerian policymakers and the decision makers in the healthcare sector, which contribute to poor state of the health sector and the continuous migration of Nigerian healthcare professionals, tend to show that this goal is not likely to be achieved in 2030 or the nearest future. Nigeria’s healthcare system has been ailing for many decades and has consistently failed to adequately meet the healthcare needs of most Nigerians. The political leaders have failed to come up with effective policies to address the situation due largely to their non or low patronage of Nigerian hospitals for treatment. The World Health Organization (WHO) has provided Member States with general guidelines for methodologies on research and evaluation of traditional medicine and strategies for integrating it with orthodox medicine, and different countries have identified the important contributions of traditional medicine to the health and well-being of their citizens. The objective of this paper is to explore the influence and contributions of traditional medicine to the health and wellness of Nigerians and recommend how policymakers in Nigeria can develop policies and strategies to standardize and integrate traditional medicine into the healthcare system in Nigeria as part of the process of addressing healthcare problems and move towards the attainment of the SDGs. A scoping search method of Google Scholar and other websites for studies and reports on Nigeria’s traditional medicine, orthodox medicine, healthcare system, healthcare infrastructure, integration of traditional and orthodox medicines, health policies, and global traditional medicine practices was conducted. A total of seventy-seven studies and reports that focused on these key search words were included, reviewed and analyzed. On traditional medicine usage, majority of participants in the thirteen studies that covered one or more of each of the six geopolitical zones in Nigeria showed that majority of Nigerians use traditional medicines. However, the results of studies on the development, standardization and integration of traditional medicine into Nigeria’s healthcare system showed that the design and implementation of appropriate policies for research, evaluation of the safety and efficacy of traditional medicines, and its integration with orthodox medicine in Nigeria remains incoherent.
Abstract: United Nations Sustainable Develop Goal (SDG) number 3 is to “Ensure healthy lives and promote the well-being for all at all ages”. To achieve the SDGs by 2030, the United Nations expects all countries and stakeholders to act in a collaborative partnership to implement the action plan forward in 2015. However, the attitude, and actions of Nigerian ...
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