Research Article
Antibiotic Resistance Profile of Salmonella sp. and Escherichia coli in Vegetables and Their Watering Water on the Outskirts of Abidjan, Ivory Coast
Issue:
Volume 10, Issue 1, March 2025
Pages:
1-9
Received:
4 March 2025
Accepted:
19 March 2025
Published:
31 March 2025
Abstract: The contamination of vegetables and their watering water by pathogens resistant to antibiotics constitutes a major public health issue, the scope of which is not always assessed. The objective of this study was to evaluate the level of contamination and antibiotic resistance of Salmonella sp. and Escherichia coli from watering water and vegetables collected in the suburban markets of Abidjan, Ivory Coast. A total of 180 samples, including 90 of vegetables and 90 of their irrigation water, were taken from the Dabou, Anyama, Bonoua and Adiopodoumé sites. The strains of Salmonella sp. and Escherichia coli were investigated according to standard microbiological methods. The resistance of these strains to antibiotics was carried out by the Müeller Hinton agar diffusion method. The results revealed a prevalence of E. coli of 48.9% in irrigation water and 54.4% in vegetables. The prevalence of Salmonella sp in vegetables was 65.5%. All strains of Salmonella sp, were resistant to pefloxacin (100%). About 77.8% of the strains coming from water and 80% from vegetables, were resistant to cefepime. Concerning the strains of E. coli isolated from vegetables, 76.4% were resistant to ticarcillin. For strains isolated from irrigation water, 54.4% were resistant to ceftazidime, 50.4% to cefepime. ESBL-producing strains were detected at 64.5% in Salmonella sp strains isolated from irrigation water and CARBA-R strains at 69.2% in vegetables. The FQ-R phenotypes were expressed in all strains originating from vegetables and their watering water. As for E. 76.6% of the vegetable strains expressed the ESBL phenotype and 51.5% of the irrigation water strains the FQ-R phenotype. The resistance profile of E. coli showed resistance to several classes of antibiotics, in particular for carbapenems and fluoroquinolones as well as resistance to 3rd generation cephalosporins. Concerning Salmonella sp., resistance to fluoroquinolones and carbapenems is of particular concern. These results show the need to improve agricultural practices and the regulation of antibiotics to ensure food security in Côte d'Ivoire.
Abstract: The contamination of vegetables and their watering water by pathogens resistant to antibiotics constitutes a major public health issue, the scope of which is not always assessed. The objective of this study was to evaluate the level of contamination and antibiotic resistance of Salmonella sp. and Escherichia coli from watering water and vegetables ...
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Research Article
Role of Avocado in Agir-Food System and Agro-Processing: Assessments of Food Diversification and Utilization of Avocado Fruits in Ethiopia
Edossa Etissa*,
Tamirat Fikadu
Issue:
Volume 10, Issue 1, March 2025
Pages:
10-25
Received:
21 February 2025
Accepted:
27 April 2025
Published:
6 June 2025
DOI:
10.11648/j.ijfsb.20251001.12
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Abstract: The cultivation of fruits and vegetables, including avocados, has increased in recent years in Ethiopia. Among fruits, avocado has known as one of the healthiest fruits, is widely cultivated and available for consumption. The aim of the study was to assess the role and trends of avocado consumption and its role in the country’s agri-food systems and agro-processing. Survey conducted in selected avocado-producing districts in Ethiopia, specifically in Sidama, South Ethiopia, Amhara and Oromia Regions. The study employed a mixed research methodology using both qualitative and quantitative approaches. Data were collected through household surveys, interviews and from secondary sources were collected and reviewed. The findings revealed that the average experience in avocado farming among the sampled smallholder farmers was 13.7 years, indicating significant expertise in avocado production and marketing. Regarding avocado consumption and marketing, a high proportion of farmers (87.6%) reported that their main motive for avocado production was for sale showing it is a cash crop. There was also an increase in avocado consumption patterns. Based on the FGD discussions and key informant interviews avocado fruit is processed into variety of recipes such as a sole or mixed juice, parts of salads, sandwiches, paste (served with variety of Ethiopian dishes such as Shiro, Alicha, Key Wot with Injera, Firfir with avocado, etc.). The fresh fruits have high agro-processing demands for oil production in Ethiopia for export. In addition, avocado oil is used as cooking oil, and as parts of cosmetics and beauty products. The study revealed that avocado is a nutritious dense food source that can contribute to improved health outcomes of the nation. On the other hand, varieties of recipes containing avocado fruits are being developed and used. Avocado is becoming key parts of food component in the daily consumption among growers. Likewise, the use of avocado in oil production and cosmetics agro-processing industry is increasing. Thus, promoting the consumption of diverse nutritious food avocado as a component would enhance national food and nutrition security and address micronutrient deficiencies. Improving the production and productivity of avocadoes would meet the high fresh consumptions, industry raw materials demand and fresh export foreign earning. Thus, any innovations at all stages (steps) in avocado value chain could help significantly the national avocado agri-food system and agro-processing industry development.
Abstract: The cultivation of fruits and vegetables, including avocados, has increased in recent years in Ethiopia. Among fruits, avocado has known as one of the healthiest fruits, is widely cultivated and available for consumption. The aim of the study was to assess the role and trends of avocado consumption and its role in the country’s agri-food systems an...
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,
Tiekoura Konan Bertin
