Research Article
Growth and Yield Response of Carrot (Daucus carota L.) to Fertilizer Rate in Wolaita Zone, Southern Ethiopia
Abdirshikur Reshid Jemal*
,
Zekiya Fitret Shikur
Issue:
Volume 10, Issue 2, June 2025
Pages:
24-31
Received:
8 January 2025
Accepted:
7 April 2025
Published:
29 April 2025
DOI:
10.11648/j.es.20251002.11
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Views:
Abstract: Carrot (Daucus carota L.) is a significant root vegetable cultivated and consumed in Ethiopia. However, there has been limited research on the optimal fertilizer rates to enhance carrot growth and yield in the Wolaita zone. A field experiment was carried out to assess the impact of four different rates of NPS fertilizer (0 kg ha-1, 60 kg ha-1, 120 kg ha-1, and 180 kg ha-1) and four rates of urea fertilizer (0 kg ha-1, 45 kg ha-1, 90 kg ha-1, and 135 kg ha-1) on carrot growth and yield. Most growth parameters, except root length per plant, leaf length per plant at both sites, and core diameter per plant at Delbo, were significantly affected by the fertilizer rates. The highest plant height (32.6 cm) with 120 kg/ha NPS and 90 kg/ha urea, leaf number per plant (12.1) and shoot weight per plant (7.4 g) at 180 kg/ha NPS and 135 kg/ha urea, shoot dry weight per plant (1.5 g) at 0 kg/ha NPS and 135 kg/ha urea, root diameter (2.4 cm) at 60 kg/ha NPS and 90 kg/ha urea, root fresh weight per plant (31.3 g), root yield, and marketable yield (31,333 kg/ha) at 180 kg/ha NPS and 90 kg/ha urea, and root dry weight per plant (2.9 g) at 120 kg/ha NPS and 45 kg/ha urea were recorded at Delbo. At Soddo site, the highest plant height (43.3 cm), root weight per plant (29.0 g), root yield (32,333 kg/ha) at 120 kg/ha NPS and 0 kg/ha urea, leaf number (9.5) at 0 kg/ha NPS and 135 kg/ha urea, shoot weight per plant (11.1 g) at 60 kg/ha NPS and 0 kg/ha urea, shoot dry weight per plant (2.4 g) at 60 kg/ha NPS and 135 kg/ha Urea, marketable yield (27,800 kg/ha) at 120 kg/ha NPS and 135 kg/ha Urea, root dry weight per plant (3.3 g) and shelf life (24.0 days) at 0 kg/ha NPS and 0 kg/ha Urea was obtained, respectively. Applying a fertilizer rate of 180 kg/ha NPS and 90 kg/ha at Delbo, along with a rate of 120 kg/ha NPS and 135 kg/ha at Soddo, demonstrated the potential to enhance carrot productivity in the experimental region and in areas with comparable environmental conditions. It is advisable to conduct this study again in various seasons to provide more accurate recommendations.
Abstract: Carrot (Daucus carota L.) is a significant root vegetable cultivated and consumed in Ethiopia. However, there has been limited research on the optimal fertilizer rates to enhance carrot growth and yield in the Wolaita zone. A field experiment was carried out to assess the impact of four different rates of NPS fertilizer (0 kg ha-1, 60 kg ha-1, 120 ...
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Research Article
Nonlinear Vibration of Single-Walled Carbon Nanotubes on Winkler and Pasternak Foundations in a Magneto-Thermal Environment Under the Influence of Casimir Force
Issue:
Volume 10, Issue 2, June 2025
Pages:
32-58
Received:
1 February 2025
Accepted:
22 March 2025
Published:
29 April 2025
DOI:
10.11648/j.es.20251002.12
Downloads:
Views:
Abstract: Nanotubes are known to have the strongest and stiffest fibers with exceptional tensile strength and higher modulus of elasticity, researchers have been very interested in studying their nonlinear vibrations. Nonetheless, using nanotubes to partially substitute reinforcing material has emerged as a revolutionary approach for applications of the future. This work examines the nonlinear vibration study of single-walled carbon (NTs) with geometric imperfection supported on linear and nonlinear Winkler and Pasternak Foundations in a thermal-magnetic-electrostatic environment under the influence of Casimir Force. The nonlinear mathematical model for this work is formulated using the Hamiliton principle, Euler-Bernoulli elasticity theory, and non-local elasticity beam theory. The Galerkin decomposition approach is used directly to break down the nonlinear partial differential equation of motions into two separate components, that is spatial and temporal parts of nonlinear duffing equations of motions. An approximate analytical expression of the fundamental natural frequency is presented by modern asymptotic approach namely Iteration Perturbation Method (IPM). The method is used to solve the resulting nonlinear mathematical model and the following solutions were obtained that is the natural frequency of vibration, nonlinear frequency ratio and dynamic response analysis. Moreso, parametric study was conducted on the obtained semi-analytical solutions and the effects of the following parameters such as magnetic, thermal, electrostatic force, Van der Waals force, Casimir force, linear foundation, nonlinear foundation, Pasternak foundation and mass on stability and dynamic responses on four different boundary conditions considered. Afterwards, the outcomes are then compared with existing literature and found to be completely consistent.
Abstract: Nanotubes are known to have the strongest and stiffest fibers with exceptional tensile strength and higher modulus of elasticity, researchers have been very interested in studying their nonlinear vibrations. Nonetheless, using nanotubes to partially substitute reinforcing material has emerged as a revolutionary approach for applications of the futu...
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