This study investigates how interior space preferences and demographic factors relate to biophilic design in low-cost housing environments. Utilizing a quantitative approach, this research analyses the impact of age, gender, marital status, income level, household size and housing type on stress recovery and biophilic design preferences. The findings that stress levels and preferences for biophilic design are strongly influenced by type of housing and household size. In order to improve well-being and stress recovery in affordable housing, the study emphasizes the significance of incorporating biophilic elements, such as natural ventilation, colour schemes and indoor plants. However, limitation exists in this study, including the restricted sample size focused on PPAM and PPR residents, which may limit the generalizability of findings. Additionally, financial constraints were not deeply explored in term of cost-benefit analysis, and the cross-sectional nature of the study prevents long-term impact assessments of biophilic design on stress recovery.

Biophilic Design, Demographic Factors, Low-Cost Housing, Stress Recovery