Mechanical Performances of Pretreated Porous Convenient Asphalt Concrete

Cheng Tsung Lu; Ming Yan Chung

doi:doi:10.11648/j.ajce.20251302.15

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Mechanical Performances of Pretreated Porous Convenient Asphalt Concrete

Cheng Tsung Lu

, Ming Yan Chung^*

Published in American Journal of Civil Engineering (Volume 13, Issue 2)

Received: 17 March 2025 Accepted: 24 April 2025 Published: 29 April 2025

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Abstract

Convenient Asphalt Concrete (CAC) is a kind of Asphalt Concrete with new technology, in which a pre-treated emulsified Asphalt is prepared firstly to avoid demulsification during mixing and then mixed directly and steadily with cement and aggregate. In this technology, cement and pre-treated emulsified Asphalt are evenly mixed into a binder, namely Convenient Asphalt Mastic (CAM). CAM is a new type of binder for modified asphalt concrete, with low energy consumption, less pollution, and normal atmospheric temperature construction. The mixture, named Porous Convenient Asphalt Concrete (PCAC), is formed by mixing CAM as a binder and aggregate with gradation adjustment according to the ‘Permeable Pavement Guide’ of the Japan Road Contractors Association. In this study, the mechanical properties of PCAC and Hot Mix Porous Asphalt Concrete (PA) are compared and analyzed under the control of wrap film thickness and porosity. The experimental results show that at the same porosity and under the most appropriate film thickness of PCAC and PA, the Marshall Stability Value and the Tensile Strength of PCAC is 3 to 4 times stronger than PA all. There is positive correlation with first, the strength of the binder wrapped around aggregate granule, and second, the aggregate particles being bonded well with each other. It is because that CAM has higher consistency, it can form thicker wrap film around the aggregate without adding any staple fiber, and CAM has higher strength after hardening. Therefore, the overall mechanical performances of PCAC are much better than PA. Consequently, PCAC can bear a larger axle load than PA. That reduces the damage of axle pressure on porous asphalt pavement and prolongs the service life of porous asphalt pavement.

Published in	American Journal of Civil Engineering (Volume 13, Issue 2)
DOI	10.11648/j.ajce.20251302.15
Page(s)	105-115
Creative Commons	This is an Open Access article, distributed under the terms of the Creative Commons Attribution 4.0 International License (http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0/), which permits unrestricted use, distribution and reproduction in any medium or format, provided the original work is properly cited.
Copyright	Copyright © The Author(s), 2025. Published by Science Publishing Group

Keywords

Emulsified Asphalt, Pre-treated, Convenient Asphalt Mastic, Porous Convenient Asphalt Concrete

References

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[3]	João Rodrigo Mattos, Washington Peres Núñez, Jorge Augusto Ceratti, André Zíngano, William Fedrigo, Shear strength of hot-mix asphalt and its relation to near-surface pavement failure – A case study in Southern Brazil, Conference: 6th Eurasphalt & Eurobitume Congress at Prague, June 2016, https://doi.org/10.14311/EE.2016.240
[4]	Standard Practice for Open-Graded Friction Course (OGFC) Mix Design. ASTM D7064/D7064M-08.
[5]	Sakshi Sharma, Tripta Kumari Goyal, Utilization of Polymers in Improving Durability Characteristics of Open-Graded Friction Course Layer: A Review., Sustainable Civil Engineering Practices pp 81-88, https://doi.org/10.1007/978-981-15-3677-9_9
[6]	Mallick R B, Kandhal P S, Cooley Jr L A, et al. Design, construction, and performance of new-generation open-graded friction courses. NCAT Report, 2000.
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[10]	Alvaro GarcıGarcia´a, Pietro Lura, Manfred N. Partl, Iwan Jerjen, Influence of cement content and environmental humidity on asphalt emulsion and cement composites performance, Materials, and Structures (2013) 46: 1275–1289, https://doi.org/10.1617/s11527-012-9971-6
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[20]	Dong M., Hao Y., Zhang C., et al. Shear fracture energy of asphalt-aggregate systems and its application to predicting shear fatigue in asphalt mixtures, International Journal of Pavement Engineering, 2020-1, https://doi.org/10.1080/10298436.2018.1459622
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APA Style

Lu, C. T., Chung, M. Y. (2025). Mechanical Performances of Pretreated Porous Convenient Asphalt Concrete. American Journal of Civil Engineering, 13(2), 105-115. https://doi.org/10.11648/j.ajce.20251302.15

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ACS Style

Lu, C. T.; Chung, M. Y. Mechanical Performances of Pretreated Porous Convenient Asphalt Concrete. Am. J. Civ. Eng. 2025, 13(2), 105-115. doi: 10.11648/j.ajce.20251302.15

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AMA Style

Lu CT, Chung MY. Mechanical Performances of Pretreated Porous Convenient Asphalt Concrete. Am J Civ Eng. 2025;13(2):105-115. doi: 10.11648/j.ajce.20251302.15

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@article{10.11648/j.ajce.20251302.15,
  author = {Cheng Tsung Lu and Ming Yan Chung},
  title = {Mechanical Performances of Pretreated Porous Convenient Asphalt Concrete
},
  journal = {American Journal of Civil Engineering},
  volume = {13},
  number = {2},
  pages = {105-115},
  doi = {10.11648/j.ajce.20251302.15},
  url = {https://doi.org/10.11648/j.ajce.20251302.15},
  eprint = {https://article.sciencepublishinggroup.com/pdf/10.11648.j.ajce.20251302.15},
  abstract = {Convenient Asphalt Concrete (CAC) is a kind of Asphalt Concrete with new technology, in which a pre-treated emulsified Asphalt is prepared firstly to avoid demulsification during mixing and then mixed directly and steadily with cement and aggregate. In this technology, cement and pre-treated emulsified Asphalt are evenly mixed into a binder, namely Convenient Asphalt Mastic (CAM). CAM is a new type of binder for modified asphalt concrete, with low energy consumption, less pollution, and normal atmospheric temperature construction. The mixture, named Porous Convenient Asphalt Concrete (PCAC), is formed by mixing CAM as a binder and aggregate with gradation adjustment according to the ‘Permeable Pavement Guide’ of the Japan Road Contractors Association. In this study, the mechanical properties of PCAC and Hot Mix Porous Asphalt Concrete (PA) are compared and analyzed under the control of wrap film thickness and porosity. The experimental results show that at the same porosity and under the most appropriate film thickness of PCAC and PA, the Marshall Stability Value and the Tensile Strength of PCAC is 3 to 4 times stronger than PA all. There is positive correlation with first, the strength of the binder wrapped around aggregate granule, and second, the aggregate particles being bonded well with each other. It is because that CAM has higher consistency, it can form thicker wrap film around the aggregate without adding any staple fiber, and CAM has higher strength after hardening. Therefore, the overall mechanical performances of PCAC are much better than PA. Consequently, PCAC can bear a larger axle load than PA. That reduces the damage of axle pressure on porous asphalt pavement and prolongs the service life of porous asphalt pavement.
},
 year = {2025}
}

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TY  - JOUR
T1  - Mechanical Performances of Pretreated Porous Convenient Asphalt Concrete

AU  - Cheng Tsung Lu
AU  - Ming Yan Chung
Y1  - 2025/04/29
PY  - 2025
N1  - https://doi.org/10.11648/j.ajce.20251302.15
DO  - 10.11648/j.ajce.20251302.15
T2  - American Journal of Civil Engineering
JF  - American Journal of Civil Engineering
JO  - American Journal of Civil Engineering
SP  - 105
EP  - 115
PB  - Science Publishing Group
SN  - 2330-8737
UR  - https://doi.org/10.11648/j.ajce.20251302.15
AB  - Convenient Asphalt Concrete (CAC) is a kind of Asphalt Concrete with new technology, in which a pre-treated emulsified Asphalt is prepared firstly to avoid demulsification during mixing and then mixed directly and steadily with cement and aggregate. In this technology, cement and pre-treated emulsified Asphalt are evenly mixed into a binder, namely Convenient Asphalt Mastic (CAM). CAM is a new type of binder for modified asphalt concrete, with low energy consumption, less pollution, and normal atmospheric temperature construction. The mixture, named Porous Convenient Asphalt Concrete (PCAC), is formed by mixing CAM as a binder and aggregate with gradation adjustment according to the ‘Permeable Pavement Guide’ of the Japan Road Contractors Association. In this study, the mechanical properties of PCAC and Hot Mix Porous Asphalt Concrete (PA) are compared and analyzed under the control of wrap film thickness and porosity. The experimental results show that at the same porosity and under the most appropriate film thickness of PCAC and PA, the Marshall Stability Value and the Tensile Strength of PCAC is 3 to 4 times stronger than PA all. There is positive correlation with first, the strength of the binder wrapped around aggregate granule, and second, the aggregate particles being bonded well with each other. It is because that CAM has higher consistency, it can form thicker wrap film around the aggregate without adding any staple fiber, and CAM has higher strength after hardening. Therefore, the overall mechanical performances of PCAC are much better than PA. Consequently, PCAC can bear a larger axle load than PA. That reduces the damage of axle pressure on porous asphalt pavement and prolongs the service life of porous asphalt pavement.

VL  - 13
IS  - 2
ER  -

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Author Information

Cheng Tsung Lu

School of Chemistry and Civil Engineering, Shao-Guan University, Shao-Guan City, China

http://orcid.org/0000-0002-2296-9686
Ming Yan Chung

School of Chemistry and Civil Engineering, Shao-Guan University, Shao-Guan City, China

Contact Email

http://orcid.org/0000-0002-8055-637X

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APA Style

Lu, C. T., Chung, M. Y. (2025). Mechanical Performances of Pretreated Porous Convenient Asphalt Concrete. American Journal of Civil Engineering, 13(2), 105-115. https://doi.org/10.11648/j.ajce.20251302.15

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ACS Style

Lu, C. T.; Chung, M. Y. Mechanical Performances of Pretreated Porous Convenient Asphalt Concrete. Am. J. Civ. Eng. 2025, 13(2), 105-115. doi: 10.11648/j.ajce.20251302.15

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AMA Style

Lu CT, Chung MY. Mechanical Performances of Pretreated Porous Convenient Asphalt Concrete. Am J Civ Eng. 2025;13(2):105-115. doi: 10.11648/j.ajce.20251302.15

Copy | Download

@article{10.11648/j.ajce.20251302.15,
  author = {Cheng Tsung Lu and Ming Yan Chung},
  title = {Mechanical Performances of Pretreated Porous Convenient Asphalt Concrete
},
  journal = {American Journal of Civil Engineering},
  volume = {13},
  number = {2},
  pages = {105-115},
  doi = {10.11648/j.ajce.20251302.15},
  url = {https://doi.org/10.11648/j.ajce.20251302.15},
  eprint = {https://article.sciencepublishinggroup.com/pdf/10.11648.j.ajce.20251302.15},
  abstract = {Convenient Asphalt Concrete (CAC) is a kind of Asphalt Concrete with new technology, in which a pre-treated emulsified Asphalt is prepared firstly to avoid demulsification during mixing and then mixed directly and steadily with cement and aggregate. In this technology, cement and pre-treated emulsified Asphalt are evenly mixed into a binder, namely Convenient Asphalt Mastic (CAM). CAM is a new type of binder for modified asphalt concrete, with low energy consumption, less pollution, and normal atmospheric temperature construction. The mixture, named Porous Convenient Asphalt Concrete (PCAC), is formed by mixing CAM as a binder and aggregate with gradation adjustment according to the ‘Permeable Pavement Guide’ of the Japan Road Contractors Association. In this study, the mechanical properties of PCAC and Hot Mix Porous Asphalt Concrete (PA) are compared and analyzed under the control of wrap film thickness and porosity. The experimental results show that at the same porosity and under the most appropriate film thickness of PCAC and PA, the Marshall Stability Value and the Tensile Strength of PCAC is 3 to 4 times stronger than PA all. There is positive correlation with first, the strength of the binder wrapped around aggregate granule, and second, the aggregate particles being bonded well with each other. It is because that CAM has higher consistency, it can form thicker wrap film around the aggregate without adding any staple fiber, and CAM has higher strength after hardening. Therefore, the overall mechanical performances of PCAC are much better than PA. Consequently, PCAC can bear a larger axle load than PA. That reduces the damage of axle pressure on porous asphalt pavement and prolongs the service life of porous asphalt pavement.
},
 year = {2025}
}

Copy | Download

TY  - JOUR
T1  - Mechanical Performances of Pretreated Porous Convenient Asphalt Concrete

AU  - Cheng Tsung Lu
AU  - Ming Yan Chung
Y1  - 2025/04/29
PY  - 2025
N1  - https://doi.org/10.11648/j.ajce.20251302.15
DO  - 10.11648/j.ajce.20251302.15
T2  - American Journal of Civil Engineering
JF  - American Journal of Civil Engineering
JO  - American Journal of Civil Engineering
SP  - 105
EP  - 115
PB  - Science Publishing Group
SN  - 2330-8737
UR  - https://doi.org/10.11648/j.ajce.20251302.15
AB  - Convenient Asphalt Concrete (CAC) is a kind of Asphalt Concrete with new technology, in which a pre-treated emulsified Asphalt is prepared firstly to avoid demulsification during mixing and then mixed directly and steadily with cement and aggregate. In this technology, cement and pre-treated emulsified Asphalt are evenly mixed into a binder, namely Convenient Asphalt Mastic (CAM). CAM is a new type of binder for modified asphalt concrete, with low energy consumption, less pollution, and normal atmospheric temperature construction. The mixture, named Porous Convenient Asphalt Concrete (PCAC), is formed by mixing CAM as a binder and aggregate with gradation adjustment according to the ‘Permeable Pavement Guide’ of the Japan Road Contractors Association. In this study, the mechanical properties of PCAC and Hot Mix Porous Asphalt Concrete (PA) are compared and analyzed under the control of wrap film thickness and porosity. The experimental results show that at the same porosity and under the most appropriate film thickness of PCAC and PA, the Marshall Stability Value and the Tensile Strength of PCAC is 3 to 4 times stronger than PA all. There is positive correlation with first, the strength of the binder wrapped around aggregate granule, and second, the aggregate particles being bonded well with each other. It is because that CAM has higher consistency, it can form thicker wrap film around the aggregate without adding any staple fiber, and CAM has higher strength after hardening. Therefore, the overall mechanical performances of PCAC are much better than PA. Consequently, PCAC can bear a larger axle load than PA. That reduces the damage of axle pressure on porous asphalt pavement and prolongs the service life of porous asphalt pavement.

VL  - 13
IS  - 2
ER  -

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