Research Article
Assessing Organizational Effectiveness, Engagement and Partnerships in Biodiversity Policy Advocacy in Tanzania
Kajenje Magessa*
,
Lawrence Mbwambo
Issue:
Volume 15, Issue 3, June 2026
Pages:
94-107
Received:
20 March 2026
Accepted:
8 April 2026
Published:
8 May 2026
Abstract: Civil society organizations and community-based organizations play an increasingly important role globally in shaping natural resource governance and influencing biodiversity conservation policies. Through advocacy, policy dialogue, and partnerships with governments and development partners, these organizations help improve natural resources governance and ensure that community voices are represented in decision-making processes. Within this context, this study examines the strengths, weaknesses, and levels of engagement among organizations involved in biodiversity policy advocacy in Tanzania to identify areas for more effective future support and partnerships. The study employed 30 key informant interviews and three focus group discussions with stakeholders involved in biodiversity conservation. Findings show that ten organizations have a defined policy advocacy agenda. Key strengths include strong advocacy capacity demonstrated by organizations such as Tanzania Forest Conservation Group, Tanzania Natural Resource Forum, the national network of community forest groups, and Marine Conservation and Development Initiative, which have successfully influenced policy and legal reforms. Additional strengths include strong national and international networks, credibility with government authorities and partners, effective use of media, and the ability to communicate policy recommendations to decision-makers. However, common weaknesses include limited funding for policy advocacy activities and a shortage of skilled policy advocates. Engagement in monitoring, evaluation, learning, and financial sustainability planning remains limited. Nonetheless, engagement in financial planning and sustainability remains weak, highlighting a key area for future capacity building and partnership strengthening. In conclusion, Tanzanian biodiversity advocacy organizations show strong policy influence but require greater financial and technical support to maximize their impact.
Abstract: Civil society organizations and community-based organizations play an increasingly important role globally in shaping natural resource governance and influencing biodiversity conservation policies. Through advocacy, policy dialogue, and partnerships with governments and development partners, these organizations help improve natural resources govern...
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Research Article
Recent Advances in the Research on the Regulatory Mechanisms of Anthocyanin Synthesis in Apple Fruits
Zhao Shuang,
Shi He-fei*,
Li Yun,
Liu Yan-tao,
Wang Jian-guang
Issue:
Volume 15, Issue 3, June 2026
Pages:
108-117
Received:
12 June 2026
Accepted:
22 June 2026
Published:
29 June 2026
Abstract: Anthocyanin accumulation determines peel pigmentation, commodity value and nutritional quality of apple fruit, and its biosynthesis is controlled by an intricate multi-layer regulatory network integrating external environmental cues, transcriptional cascades, epigenetic modification, post-transcriptional modulation and metabolic pathway crosstalk. Unfavorable coloring widely restricts the economic benefits of apple cultivation worldwide, and clarifying the regulatory rules of anthocyanin metabolism is essential for targeted quality improvement. This review systematically sorts out the latest research progress on apple anthocyanin biosynthesis pathways, and elaborates core regulatory mechanisms from four dimensions: structural gene transcriptional regulation centered on the MBW complex, environmental induction (light, temperature, water and nutrients), phytohormone synergistic/antagonistic regulation, and epigenetic modification including DNA methylation, histone modification and non-coding RNA regulation. On this basis, this paper summarizes existing bottlenecks in current research and proposes future research directions relying on multi-omics and gene-editing technology. The conclusion provides theoretical support for regulated coloring cultivation, molecular marker-assisted breeding and precision gene editing breeding of high-color-quality apple varieties.
Abstract: Anthocyanin accumulation determines peel pigmentation, commodity value and nutritional quality of apple fruit, and its biosynthesis is controlled by an intricate multi-layer regulatory network integrating external environmental cues, transcriptional cascades, epigenetic modification, post-transcriptional modulation and metabolic pathway crosstalk. ...
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