Research Article
Using Kinetics Results of Esterification with Citric Acid to Determine the Nature of the Porosity Structure of the Different Parts of the Nymphaea nouchali
Issue:
Volume 13, Issue 2, April 2025
Pages:
22-38
Received:
10 March 2025
Accepted:
22 March 2025
Published:
14 April 2025
Abstract: In this study, the Nymphaea nouchali aquatic plant was subdivided into 12 parts. To extract the bioactive organic molecules, present in these different parts of the Nymphaea nouchali aquatic plant, the esterification method with citric acid was used. The aim of this study was to determine the nature of the porous structure of each part, either microporous structure or mesoporous and macroporous structure, from the results of their kinetic constants during esterification with citric acid, their water content and their density. In this way, kinetic monitoring was carried out for each part of the plant, enabling the different kinetic constants of each esterification to be determined. In addition, the water content and density of each part of the Nymphaea nouchali aquatic plant were determined. This water content of each part of the Nymphaea nouchali can already give an idea of the nature of their pore structure. But by comparing the water content with the kinetic constants of each part, in particular, the partial order with respect to citric acid and the partial order with respect to organic molecules and the initial and long-term conversion, it is now possible to define the nature of their porous structure. But with a third comparison of the kinetic data and water content with the density of each part of the Nymphaea nouchali, the nature of the porous structure of each part becomes increasingly clear and precise. The maximum fatty acid extraction yield is assigned to the part with a mesoporous-macroporous structure. However, it had been noted that the microporous structure parts also show high fatty acid extraction yields, and by determining the extraction yields per gram of sample, it is clear that those of the microporous structure parts are very high. These results confirm that, by virtue of their filiform nature and small molecular widths, these fatty acid molecules manage to locate themselves preferentially in the microporous structure parts.
Abstract: In this study, the Nymphaea nouchali aquatic plant was subdivided into 12 parts. To extract the bioactive organic molecules, present in these different parts of the Nymphaea nouchali aquatic plant, the esterification method with citric acid was used. The aim of this study was to determine the nature of the porous structure of each part, either micr...
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Review Article
Advancements in Solid-State Batteries Overcoming Challenges in Energy Density and Safety - Review
Worku Solomon Tamire*
,
Tsiye Tekleyohanis Hailemariam
Issue:
Volume 13, Issue 2, April 2025
Pages:
39-46
Received:
3 March 2025
Accepted:
25 March 2025
Published:
28 April 2025
DOI:
10.11648/j.ajac.20251302.12
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Views:
Abstract: Solid-state batteries (SSBs) have emerged as a promising alternative to conventional lithium-ion batteries (LIBs), offering higher energy density, improved safety, and longer cycle life. This review explores recent advancements in SSB technology, focusing on the development of solid electrolytes, electrode materials, and interface engineering. Solid electrolytes, including oxide-based (Li7La3Zr2O12), sulfide-based (Li10GeP2S12), and polymer-based (PEO-LiTFSI) materials, are critical to SSB performance. While oxide-based electrolytes provide high ionic conductivity and stability, sulfide-based electrolytes offer ultra-high conductivity but suffer from air sensitivity. Polymer-based electrolytes are flexible and easy to process but exhibit low conductivity at room temperature. Key challenges such as high interfacial resistance, dendrite formation, and volume changes are addressed through strategies like surface modification, composite electrodes, and 3D architectures. Advanced characterization techniques, including in situ transmission electron microscopy (TEM) and X-ray tomography, provide insights into structural and chemical changes during operation. Computational modeling, such as density functional theory (DFT) and molecular dynamics (MD), accelerates material discovery and interface optimization. Despite significant progress, challenges remain in scalability, performance, and safety. Future research should focus on developing scalable fabrication methods, optimizing electrode-electrolyte interfaces, and integrating SSBs with renewable energy systems for grid storage and electric vehicles. SSBs have the potential to revolutionize energy storage, enabling the widespread adoption of renewable energy and reducing greenhouse gas emissions. Continued innovation and collaboration across disciplines will be essential to overcome remaining challenges and unlock the full potential of SSBs.
Abstract: Solid-state batteries (SSBs) have emerged as a promising alternative to conventional lithium-ion batteries (LIBs), offering higher energy density, improved safety, and longer cycle life. This review explores recent advancements in SSB technology, focusing on the development of solid electrolytes, electrode materials, and interface engineering. Soli...
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