Research Article
Cardio-renal and Metabolic Comorbidity Clusters in
High-Risk Diabetic Patients Selected for Ankle Block Anesthesia: A Retrospective Correlational Analysis
Tasnuva Tanzil
,
Md. Mazharul Islam*,
Md. Mostafa Al Bani
Issue:
Volume 14, Issue 2, December 2026
Pages:
115-126
Received:
10 May 2026
Accepted:
22 May 2026
Published:
3 July 2026
DOI:
10.11648/j.ijacm.20261402.11
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Abstract: Patients with diabetic foot often have multiple cardio-renal and metabolic comorbidities, which increase perioperative risk, especially in resource-limited settings where ankle block anesthesia is commonly used. The aim of the present study was to identify clusters of these comorbidities in high-risk diabetic patients undergoing foot surgery with ankle block anesthesia and to study correlations among key clinical parameters relevant to perioperative risk. A retrospective correlational study was performed on 71 adult diabetic patients who underwent foot surgery with ankle block anesthesia at Diabetic General Hospital, Chattogram, Bangladesh. Demographic and clinical data, encompassing biochemical, haematologic, renal, and cardiac parameters, were obtained from hospital records. Spearman's rank correlation, principal component analysis (PCA), and hierarchical clustering were used to find patterns of multimorbidity. There were strong links between renal and metabolic variables. Serum creatinine (SC) exhibited a robust inverse correlation with estimated glomerular filtration rate (eGFR), whereas bicarbonate showed a negative correlation with creatinine, indicating a potential link between metabolic acidosis and renal dysfunction. Positive correlations between electrolytes, albumin, and hemoglobin signify homeostatic equilibrium. PCA identified two principal axes-metabolic-electrolyte integrity and renal dysfunction-that encompassed the majority of the variance. Hierarchical clustering delineated three distinct physiological groupings. These results emphasize the necessity for thorough preoperative assessment and multidisciplinary management to enhance perioperative outcomes in this high-risk population. Prospective studies are necessary to enhance risk assessment methodologies.
Abstract: Patients with diabetic foot often have multiple cardio-renal and metabolic comorbidities, which increase perioperative risk, especially in resource-limited settings where ankle block anesthesia is commonly used. The aim of the present study was to identify clusters of these comorbidities in high-risk diabetic patients undergoing foot surgery with a...
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