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Research Article
Practical Topology Optimization with Deep Reinforcement Learning and Genetic Algorithms
Giorgi Tskhondia*
Issue:
Volume 12, Issue 1, March 2026
Pages:
1-9
Received:
6 January 2026
Accepted:
14 January 2026
Published:
27 January 2026
Abstract: Despite the rapid adoption of Large Language Models across many domains, identifying artificial intelligence applications that deliver clear, high-impact value in industrial engineering remains a significant challenge. This work addresses that gap by presenting a comprehensive topology optimization framework tailored for engineering design problems, integrating deep reinforcement learning (DRL), genetic algorithms (GA), and finite element methods (FEM). The proposed framework makes several key contributions. First, it demonstrates substantial performance improvements by achieving a 12×12 grid resolution in two-dimensional topology optimization using a purely DRL-based approach, enabled by carefully designed smart reward shaping strategies. Second, it introduces a hybrid DRL–GA methodology that leverages the complementary strengths of learning-based exploration and evolutionary optimization, resulting in consistently improved solutions compared to standalone DRL. Third, the framework addresses dimensionality scaling challenges by proposing a novel “pseudo-3D” Euclidean space formulation based on a multi-objective optimization strategy. Through a systematic 2D deconstruction approach, this enables effective optimization at a 15×15 grid resolution while mitigating the computational burden of full 3D simulations. Finally, the practical relevance of the framework is validated through an applied engineering case study: the design and optimization of a rocket nozzle. This application highlights the framework’s potential for real-world, high-value industrial use cases.
Abstract: Despite the rapid adoption of Large Language Models across many domains, identifying artificial intelligence applications that deliver clear, high-impact value in industrial engineering remains a significant challenge. This work addresses that gap by presenting a comprehensive topology optimization framework tailored for engineering design problems...
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Research Article
Organizational Culture and Job Satisfaction of Teachers at Panabo City National High School
Lawrence Edward Zamora*
Issue:
Volume 12, Issue 1, March 2026
Pages:
10-18
Received:
11 December 2025
Accepted:
12 January 2026
Published:
30 January 2026
Abstract: This study examined the significant relationship between organizational culture and job satisfaction among employees of Panabo City National High School during the academic year 2025–2026. Specifically, it sought to determine the level of organizational culture and job satisfaction, establish the relationship between these two variables, and identify which domain of organizational culture most strongly influences employees’ job satisfaction. The study employed a quantitative, non-experimental research design using a descriptive-correlational approach. Data were collected from both teaching and non-teaching personnel through standardized and researcher-adapted survey questionnaires that were validated for reliability and appropriateness to the study context. Descriptive statistical tools were utilized to determine the levels of organizational culture and job satisfaction, while inferential statistical analyses were applied to examine the relationship between the two variables and identify significant predictors. Results revealed that organizational culture and job satisfaction were both rated at a very high level, indicating a positive work environment and a high degree of employee contentment within the institution. Furthermore, findings confirmed a significant positive relationship between organizational culture and job satisfaction, suggesting that a supportive and well-defined organizational culture contributes meaningfully to employees’ overall satisfaction at work. Among the domains of organizational culture examined, bureaucratic culture emerged as the most significant predictor of employees’ job satisfaction. This result highlights the importance of clear structures, defined roles, established policies, and systematic procedures in fostering satisfaction among school personnel. The findings of this study provide valuable insights for school administrators and policymakers in strengthening organizational practices that enhance employee satisfaction, promote efficiency, and sustain a positive institutional climate. Overall, the study underscores the critical role of organizational culture in shaping job satisfaction within public secondary schools.
Abstract: This study examined the significant relationship between organizational culture and job satisfaction among employees of Panabo City National High School during the academic year 2025–2026. Specifically, it sought to determine the level of organizational culture and job satisfaction, establish the relationship between these two variables, and identi...
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Research Article
Criteria for Crafting Robust Research Questions in Social Science Inquiry
Teddy Boniface Mbwaga*,
Deonatus Hatari Deogratias
Issue:
Volume 12, Issue 1, March 2026
Pages:
19-24
Received:
16 January 2026
Accepted:
27 January 2026
Published:
11 February 2026
DOI:
10.11648/j.ajasr.20261201.13
Downloads:
Views:
Abstract: Formulation of a good research question is a determinant to the quality and contribution of the research. Designing of questions in a study helps to define the scope of inquiry in terms of design, methodology and the like. On the other hand, formulating the research question can be frustrating and challenging for some researchers. As a result, it can deteriorate the quality of research. The study used Google Scholars and Research Gate to perform systematic literature reviews from journal articles. The search was conducted over two months, focusing on keywords including “features of good research questions,” “criteria for developing a good research question,” and “formulation of research question”. Keywords, databases and Boolean operator strategies (OR/AND) were utilised to target the relevant studies. A total of 30 journal articles were initially retrieved from the databases. The inclusion criteria included: (1) Peer-reviewed journals, (2) English language publications, (3) papers discussing criteria to be considered when developing research questions, (4) articles published between 2011 and 2025. Exclusion criteria were based on duplication and articles that did not address how to develop research questions. As a result, 22 articles were excluded, and only 8 articles were used for analysis. Furthermore, thematic analysis was employed to analyse the selected articles. Each article was examined carefully and relevant sections was manually coded. The results indicated that the acronym (FINER) to represent feasibility (F), interesting (I), novel (N), ethical (E), relevant (R) are the most essential criteria that should be taken into consideration while formulating research questions. Other criteria are manageable, appropriate, publishable and systematic. To make meaningful and impactful research, there is a need to consider essential criteria for developing quality questions.
Abstract: Formulation of a good research question is a determinant to the quality and contribution of the research. Designing of questions in a study helps to define the scope of inquiry in terms of design, methodology and the like. On the other hand, formulating the research question can be frustrating and challenging for some researchers. As a result, it c...
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Research Article
Geology, Geochemistry and Genetic Affinity of Ilmenite Occurrences in Campoo-Bissaula, Southeast Adamawa Massif Northeast Nigeria
Julius Bajabu Kwache*
Issue:
Volume 12, Issue 1, March 2026
Pages:
25-38
Received:
16 January 2026
Accepted:
12 February 2026
Published:
4 March 2026
Abstract: Campoo-Bissaula covers an area of about 72 km2 and is located within 7° 02ˈ and 7° 05ˈ N and 10° 22ˈ and 10° 27ˈ E on the southeastern part of Adamawa Massif, northeast Nigeria. The rock types in the study area are predominantly banded gneiss, diorite and syeno diorite with basalt occurring as subordinate. Mineral resources include amethyst, rutile, ilmenite, hematite, etc. Ilmenite occurs along a structurally controlled River at Campoo-Bissaula (River Akpo) trending E - W (0800). This paper seeks to unfold the geology, geochemistry and genetic affinity of ilmenite (FeTiO3) occurrences in the study area. Field mapping was carried out by road, river/stream and compass traversing. Stream sediments were taken randomly upstream along the stream. Soil samples were carried out at the banks of the river while samples of the host rocks were taken from all the different rock exposures around the river. Geochemical analysis of stream sediments was carried out at the NGRL, Kaduna using AAS while rock and soil samples were carried out at ACMES Lab, Canada using ICP-MS. The geochemical data revealed enrichment of Fe2O3 and TiO2 in diorite, syeno diorite and basalt as well as soils and stream sediments around the study area. Diorite has mean concentration of 12.51 wt.% (Fe2O3) and 2.63 wt.% (TiO2); syeno diorite has 10.92 wt.% (Fe2O3) and 0.91 wt.% (TiO2) and basalt has 13.34 wt.% and 4.04 wt.% of Fe2O3 and TiO2. The soil has mean concentration of 11.94 wt.% (Fe2O3) and 9.28 wt.% (TiO2) while the stream sediments have 36.52 wt.% (Fe2O3) and 44.82 wt.% (TiO2). Ilmenite (FeTiO3) concentration in the area is dominated in the stream sediments which constitutes 51.52 wt.%; host rocks has 8.76 wt.% and soils is 12.48 wt.% respectively. Some physical properties of the ilmenite (FeTiO3) include submetallic to metallic luster, black colour, hardness of 5.5 and specific gravity of 4.7. The occurrences and the genetic affinity/source of Ilmenite (FeTiO3) occurrences in the area can be ascribed to the unroofing and subsequent denudation of the iron-rich rocks whose origin is related to the evolution of mafic magma that arose during melting of the mantle. This possibly highlights the relevance of significant alteration of host rocks in the evolutionary history of the ilmenite (FeTiO3) occurrences in Campoo-Bissaula area. Ilmenite (FeTiO3) is mostly used to produce titanium metal, synthetic rutile, pigments, alloys and powders.
Abstract: Campoo-Bissaula covers an area of about 72 km2 and is located within 7° 02ˈ and 7° 05ˈ N and 10° 22ˈ and 10° 27ˈ E on the southeastern part of Adamawa Massif, northeast Nigeria. The rock types in the study area are predominantly banded gneiss, diorite and syeno diorite with basalt occurring as subordinate. Mineral resources include amethyst, rutile...
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