Research Article
Agronomic and Quality Responses of Durum Wheat (Triticum turgidum L. var. Durum) Varieties to Varying Nitrogen Fertilizer Rates in Bishoftu, Ethiopia
Sisay Eshetu*,
Bizuwork Tafes
Issue:
Volume 10, Issue 1, June 2025
Pages:
1-14
Received:
25 January 2024
Accepted:
8 May 2024
Published:
21 March 2025
Abstract: In the 2021 cropping season, an experiment was conducted to enhance productivity and refine the grain quality of durum wheat varieties by identifying the optimal N-fertilizer rate in Ethiopia's central highlands. The treatments included five N fertilizer levels with recommended P2O5 (0, 46, 69, 92, and 115 kg ha-1), alongside an absolute control group (no NP fertilizer application), and three durum wheat varieties (Utuba, Et cross -21, and Mangudo). Employing a design featuring randomized complete blocks in triplicate, the analysis of variance indicated that aboveground biomass yield, grain yield and straw yield were harvested significantly influenced by the main effect of nitrogen fertilizer level (P<0.01). The highest aboveground biomass (12975.0 kg/ha-1) and straw yield (8312.2 kg/ha-1) occurred at the highest nitrogen rate (115 kg ha-1), while the maximum grain yield (4786.1 kg ha-1) was observed at 69 kg N/ha. Additionally, factors like leaf area index, total tillers, productive tillers, thousand seeds weight, and lodging index were significantly impacted by the combined influence of nitrogen fertilizer application and different durum wheat varieties. The results demonstrated that applying 69 kg N ha-1 yielded the highest economic benefit of 180782.4 ETB ha-1 with an acceptable marginal rate of return of 3277.8%. Thus, it is concluded that applying 69 kg N ha-1 along with the three durum wheat varieties led to economically profitable yield production. However, to provide more conclusive recommendations, the experiment should be repeated across multiple locations and seasons, incorporating balanced nutrient management.
Abstract: In the 2021 cropping season, an experiment was conducted to enhance productivity and refine the grain quality of durum wheat varieties by identifying the optimal N-fertilizer rate in Ethiopia's central highlands. The treatments included five N fertilizer levels with recommended P2O5 (0, 46, 69, 92, and 115 kg ha-1), alongside an absolute control gr...
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Review Article
Review on Water Requirement and Utilization in Farm Animal
Abebe Mosneh*
,
Muluken Getachew
Issue:
Volume 10, Issue 1, June 2025
Pages:
15-23
Received:
8 March 2025
Accepted:
31 March 2025
Published:
28 April 2025
DOI:
10.11648/j.ijbc.20251001.12
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Views:
Abstract: This paper aimed to review the role, requirements, utilization and water balance of livestock; dairy cows, sheep, beef cows, horses and chickens. Water is composed of two hydrogen atoms and one oxygen atom represented by H2O. Water is the most essential nutrient, accounting for more than 50% and 75% of the body weight of old and young animals, respectively. It supports all vital functions of livestock digestion, transportation and absorption of nutrients and waste excretion, maintenance of blood volume and circulation, thermoregulation, reproduction, organ lubrication, different cell functions and chemical reactions/metabolism, electrolyte balance, growth and development, production. Water needs vary depending on such characteristics as species, sex, species, age, production level, and environmental conditions, diet composition, activity; livestock health conditions affect daily water requirements and utilization of farm Animal. Water quality is another important factor that affects livestock performance, as contaminants may affect metabolism, growth, reproduction, and water consumption. A good water management is essential to optimize animal health and productivity. Maintaining water balance is crucial to preventing physiological disorders. Animals obtain water from food, feed, and metabolic processes, and loss occurs through urine, excrement, milk, eggs, sweating, and breathing. Understanding the dynamics of water use can help improve the efficiency of livestock and sustainable livestock production systems.
Abstract: This paper aimed to review the role, requirements, utilization and water balance of livestock; dairy cows, sheep, beef cows, horses and chickens. Water is composed of two hydrogen atoms and one oxygen atom represented by H2O. Water is the most essential nutrient, accounting for more than 50% and 75% of the body weight of old and young animals, resp...
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