Review on Water Requirement and Utilization in Farm Animal

Abebe Mosneh; Muluken Getachew

doi:doi:10.11648/j.ijbc.20251001.12

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Review on Water Requirement and Utilization in Farm Animal

Abebe Mosneh^*

, Muluken Getachew

Published in International Journal of Bioorganic Chemistry (Volume 10, Issue 1)

Received: 8 March 2025 Accepted: 31 March 2025 Published: 28 April 2025

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Abstract

This paper aimed to review the role, requirements, utilization and water balance of livestock; dairy cows, sheep, beef cows, horses and chickens. Water is composed of two hydrogen atoms and one oxygen atom represented by H₂O. Water is the most essential nutrient, accounting for more than 50% and 75% of the body weight of old and young animals, respectively. It supports all vital functions of livestock digestion, transportation and absorption of nutrients and waste excretion, maintenance of blood volume and circulation, thermoregulation, reproduction, organ lubrication, different cell functions and chemical reactions/metabolism, electrolyte balance, growth and development, production. Water needs vary depending on such characteristics as species, sex, species, age, production level, and environmental conditions, diet composition, activity; livestock health conditions affect daily water requirements and utilization of farm Animal. Water quality is another important factor that affects livestock performance, as contaminants may affect metabolism, growth, reproduction, and water consumption. A good water management is essential to optimize animal health and productivity. Maintaining water balance is crucial to preventing physiological disorders. Animals obtain water from food, feed, and metabolic processes, and loss occurs through urine, excrement, milk, eggs, sweating, and breathing. Understanding the dynamics of water use can help improve the efficiency of livestock and sustainable livestock production systems.

Published in	International Journal of Bioorganic Chemistry (Volume 10, Issue 1)
DOI	10.11648/j.ijbc.20251001.12
Page(s)	15-23
Creative Commons	This is an Open Access article, distributed under the terms of the Creative Commons Attribution 4.0 International License (http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0/), which permits unrestricted use, distribution and reproduction in any medium or format, provided the original work is properly cited.
Copyright	Copyright © The Author(s), 2025. Published by Science Publishing Group

Keywords

Farm Animal, Water, Water Requirement

References

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APA Style

Mosneh, A., Getachew, M. (2025). Review on Water Requirement and Utilization in Farm Animal. International Journal of Bioorganic Chemistry, 10(1), 15-23. https://doi.org/10.11648/j.ijbc.20251001.12

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ACS Style

Mosneh, A.; Getachew, M. Review on Water Requirement and Utilization in Farm Animal. Int. J. Bioorg. Chem. 2025, 10(1), 15-23. doi: 10.11648/j.ijbc.20251001.12

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AMA Style

Mosneh A, Getachew M. Review on Water Requirement and Utilization in Farm Animal. Int J Bioorg Chem. 2025;10(1):15-23. doi: 10.11648/j.ijbc.20251001.12

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@article{10.11648/j.ijbc.20251001.12,
  author = {Abebe Mosneh and Muluken Getachew},
  title = {Review on Water Requirement and Utilization in Farm Animal
},
  journal = {International Journal of Bioorganic Chemistry},
  volume = {10},
  number = {1},
  pages = {15-23},
  doi = {10.11648/j.ijbc.20251001.12},
  url = {https://doi.org/10.11648/j.ijbc.20251001.12},
  eprint = {https://article.sciencepublishinggroup.com/pdf/10.11648.j.ijbc.20251001.12},
  abstract = {This paper aimed to review the role, requirements, utilization and water balance of livestock; dairy cows, sheep, beef cows, horses and chickens. Water is composed of two hydrogen atoms and one oxygen atom represented by H2O. Water is the most essential nutrient, accounting for more than 50% and 75% of the body weight of old and young animals, respectively. It supports all vital functions of livestock digestion, transportation and absorption of nutrients and waste excretion, maintenance of blood volume and circulation, thermoregulation, reproduction, organ lubrication, different cell functions and chemical reactions/metabolism, electrolyte balance, growth and development, production. Water needs vary depending on such characteristics as species, sex, species, age, production level, and environmental conditions, diet composition, activity; livestock health conditions affect daily water requirements and utilization of farm Animal. Water quality is another important factor that affects livestock performance, as contaminants may affect metabolism, growth, reproduction, and water consumption. A good water management is essential to optimize animal health and productivity. Maintaining water balance is crucial to preventing physiological disorders. Animals obtain water from food, feed, and metabolic processes, and loss occurs through urine, excrement, milk, eggs, sweating, and breathing. Understanding the dynamics of water use can help improve the efficiency of livestock and sustainable livestock production systems.
},
 year = {2025}
}

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TY  - JOUR
T1  - Review on Water Requirement and Utilization in Farm Animal

AU  - Abebe Mosneh
AU  - Muluken Getachew
Y1  - 2025/04/28
PY  - 2025
N1  - https://doi.org/10.11648/j.ijbc.20251001.12
DO  - 10.11648/j.ijbc.20251001.12
T2  - International Journal of Bioorganic Chemistry
JF  - International Journal of Bioorganic Chemistry
JO  - International Journal of Bioorganic Chemistry
SP  - 15
EP  - 23
PB  - Science Publishing Group
SN  - 2578-9392
UR  - https://doi.org/10.11648/j.ijbc.20251001.12
AB  - This paper aimed to review the role, requirements, utilization and water balance of livestock; dairy cows, sheep, beef cows, horses and chickens. Water is composed of two hydrogen atoms and one oxygen atom represented by H2O. Water is the most essential nutrient, accounting for more than 50% and 75% of the body weight of old and young animals, respectively. It supports all vital functions of livestock digestion, transportation and absorption of nutrients and waste excretion, maintenance of blood volume and circulation, thermoregulation, reproduction, organ lubrication, different cell functions and chemical reactions/metabolism, electrolyte balance, growth and development, production. Water needs vary depending on such characteristics as species, sex, species, age, production level, and environmental conditions, diet composition, activity; livestock health conditions affect daily water requirements and utilization of farm Animal. Water quality is another important factor that affects livestock performance, as contaminants may affect metabolism, growth, reproduction, and water consumption. A good water management is essential to optimize animal health and productivity. Maintaining water balance is crucial to preventing physiological disorders. Animals obtain water from food, feed, and metabolic processes, and loss occurs through urine, excrement, milk, eggs, sweating, and breathing. Understanding the dynamics of water use can help improve the efficiency of livestock and sustainable livestock production systems.

VL  - 10
IS  - 1
ER  -

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Author Information

Abebe Mosneh

Animal Science, Wollo University, Dessie, Ethiopia

Contact Email

http://orcid.org/0009-0000-9676-4715
Muluken Getachew

Animal Science, Wollo University, Dessie, Ethiopia

Contact Email

http://orcid.org/0009-0005-3290-3030

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Plain Text BibTeX RIS

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Mosneh, A., Getachew, M. (2025). Review on Water Requirement and Utilization in Farm Animal. International Journal of Bioorganic Chemistry, 10(1), 15-23. https://doi.org/10.11648/j.ijbc.20251001.12

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ACS Style

Mosneh, A.; Getachew, M. Review on Water Requirement and Utilization in Farm Animal. Int. J. Bioorg. Chem. 2025, 10(1), 15-23. doi: 10.11648/j.ijbc.20251001.12

Copy | Download

AMA Style

Mosneh A, Getachew M. Review on Water Requirement and Utilization in Farm Animal. Int J Bioorg Chem. 2025;10(1):15-23. doi: 10.11648/j.ijbc.20251001.12

Copy | Download

@article{10.11648/j.ijbc.20251001.12,
  author = {Abebe Mosneh and Muluken Getachew},
  title = {Review on Water Requirement and Utilization in Farm Animal
},
  journal = {International Journal of Bioorganic Chemistry},
  volume = {10},
  number = {1},
  pages = {15-23},
  doi = {10.11648/j.ijbc.20251001.12},
  url = {https://doi.org/10.11648/j.ijbc.20251001.12},
  eprint = {https://article.sciencepublishinggroup.com/pdf/10.11648.j.ijbc.20251001.12},
  abstract = {This paper aimed to review the role, requirements, utilization and water balance of livestock; dairy cows, sheep, beef cows, horses and chickens. Water is composed of two hydrogen atoms and one oxygen atom represented by H2O. Water is the most essential nutrient, accounting for more than 50% and 75% of the body weight of old and young animals, respectively. It supports all vital functions of livestock digestion, transportation and absorption of nutrients and waste excretion, maintenance of blood volume and circulation, thermoregulation, reproduction, organ lubrication, different cell functions and chemical reactions/metabolism, electrolyte balance, growth and development, production. Water needs vary depending on such characteristics as species, sex, species, age, production level, and environmental conditions, diet composition, activity; livestock health conditions affect daily water requirements and utilization of farm Animal. Water quality is another important factor that affects livestock performance, as contaminants may affect metabolism, growth, reproduction, and water consumption. A good water management is essential to optimize animal health and productivity. Maintaining water balance is crucial to preventing physiological disorders. Animals obtain water from food, feed, and metabolic processes, and loss occurs through urine, excrement, milk, eggs, sweating, and breathing. Understanding the dynamics of water use can help improve the efficiency of livestock and sustainable livestock production systems.
},
 year = {2025}
}

Copy | Download

TY  - JOUR
T1  - Review on Water Requirement and Utilization in Farm Animal

AU  - Abebe Mosneh
AU  - Muluken Getachew
Y1  - 2025/04/28
PY  - 2025
N1  - https://doi.org/10.11648/j.ijbc.20251001.12
DO  - 10.11648/j.ijbc.20251001.12
T2  - International Journal of Bioorganic Chemistry
JF  - International Journal of Bioorganic Chemistry
JO  - International Journal of Bioorganic Chemistry
SP  - 15
EP  - 23
PB  - Science Publishing Group
SN  - 2578-9392
UR  - https://doi.org/10.11648/j.ijbc.20251001.12
AB  - This paper aimed to review the role, requirements, utilization and water balance of livestock; dairy cows, sheep, beef cows, horses and chickens. Water is composed of two hydrogen atoms and one oxygen atom represented by H2O. Water is the most essential nutrient, accounting for more than 50% and 75% of the body weight of old and young animals, respectively. It supports all vital functions of livestock digestion, transportation and absorption of nutrients and waste excretion, maintenance of blood volume and circulation, thermoregulation, reproduction, organ lubrication, different cell functions and chemical reactions/metabolism, electrolyte balance, growth and development, production. Water needs vary depending on such characteristics as species, sex, species, age, production level, and environmental conditions, diet composition, activity; livestock health conditions affect daily water requirements and utilization of farm Animal. Water quality is another important factor that affects livestock performance, as contaminants may affect metabolism, growth, reproduction, and water consumption. A good water management is essential to optimize animal health and productivity. Maintaining water balance is crucial to preventing physiological disorders. Animals obtain water from food, feed, and metabolic processes, and loss occurs through urine, excrement, milk, eggs, sweating, and breathing. Understanding the dynamics of water use can help improve the efficiency of livestock and sustainable livestock production systems.

VL  - 10
IS  - 1
ER  -

Copy | Download