Research Article
Association Between Nutritional Scores and BMI Among Elderly in Shanghai Communities: A Community Health Survey
Zhui Ke
,
Peng Ji,
Yini Zhao,
Jingyi Lu,
Xinpei Luo,
Xuemin He,
Zhuqing Liu,
Min Yuan,
Xianling Guo,
Qing Xu*
Issue:
Volume 13, Issue 6, December 2025
Pages:
294-300
Received:
4 October 2025
Accepted:
22 October 2025
Published:
22 November 2025
DOI:
10.11648/j.ajhr.20251306.11
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Abstract: Background: Population aging intensifies the public health challenge of malnutrition among the elderly, who face both undernutrition and overnutrition. The relationship between BMI and nutritional status in urban Chinese elderly remains underexplored. Objective: This study aimed to examine the association between Body Mass Index (BMI) and Mini-Nutritional Assessment Short-Form (MNA-SF) scores among community-dwelling elderly in Shanghai. Methods: A cross-sectional survey was conducted from January 2019 to January 2023, involving 106 elderly residents aged ≥60 years. Data on demographics, BMI, and MNA-SF scores were collected. Statistical analyses included descriptive statistics, Pearson correlation, and simple linear regression. Results: The mean age was 70.89 ± 6.56 years, with 75.5% females. Mean BMI was 22.85 ± 3.13 kg/m²; 30.2% were overweight and 7.5% underweight. The mean MNA-SF score was 12.23 ± 1.50, with 29.2% at risk of malnutrition. A significant positive correlation was found between BMI and nutritional score (r = 0.504, p < 0.001). Linear regression showed BMI positively predicted nutritional score (β = 0.243, p < 0.001), with the equation: Nutritional Score = 6.679 + 0.243 × BMI (R² = 0.254). Conclusion: BMI is positively associated with nutritional scores among Shanghai community-dwelling elderly. However, reliance solely on BMI may overlook hidden malnutrition risks in overweight individuals. Community health strategies should integrate comprehensive nutritional assessments for targeted interventions.
Abstract: Background: Population aging intensifies the public health challenge of malnutrition among the elderly, who face both undernutrition and overnutrition. The relationship between BMI and nutritional status in urban Chinese elderly remains underexplored. Objective: This study aimed to examine the association between Body Mass Index (BMI) and Mini-Nutr...
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Research Article
Barriers to Male Involvement in Family Planning Services: Health Service Challenges in Musanze District, Northern Rwanda
Issue:
Volume 13, Issue 6, December 2025
Pages:
301-307
Received:
6 October 2025
Accepted:
22 October 2025
Published:
26 November 2025
DOI:
10.11648/j.ajhr.20251306.12
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Abstract: Background: Male involvement in family planning (FP) is crucial for improving reproductive health outcomes, yet participation remains low in many Sub-Saharan African countries, including Rwanda. This study assessed the level of male involvement and identified health service-related barriers to FP service utilization among men in Musanze District, Northern Rwanda. Methods: A community-based cross-sectional study was conducted among 397 married men aged 21 and above in Musanze District. Participants were selected using simple random sampling. Data were collected through pre-tested, interview-administered questionnaires. Multivariable logistic regression analysis was used to identify health service-related factors associated with male involvement in FP. Results: The overall level of male involvement in FP services was low, at 36.7%. After adjusting for other variables, distance to a health facility was significantly associated with involvement. Men living more than 5 km from an FP service delivery point had 93% lower odds of being highly involved in FP compared to those living within 5 km (Adjusted Odds Ratio [AOR] = 0.071; 95% CI: 0.009-0.579). Conclusion: Male involvement in FP services in Musanze district is low, with geographic distance to facilities being a major health service barrier. Interventions to increase male participation should include strategies to improve physical access to FP services, such as community-based service delivery and mobile clinics.
Abstract: Background: Male involvement in family planning (FP) is crucial for improving reproductive health outcomes, yet participation remains low in many Sub-Saharan African countries, including Rwanda. This study assessed the level of male involvement and identified health service-related barriers to FP service utilization among men in Musanze District, N...
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Research Article
Emergency Physician Stress and Its Impact on Patient Outcomes: Development and Validation of a Multidimensional Assessment Tool
Issue:
Volume 13, Issue 6, December 2025
Pages:
308-314
Received:
13 October 2025
Accepted:
23 October 2025
Published:
28 November 2025
DOI:
10.11648/j.ajhr.20251306.13
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Abstract: Background: Emergency physicians (EPs) work in unpredictable, high-pressure environments that demand rapid clinical decisions and constant multitasking. Such conditions expose them to significant occupational stress, which, if persistent or unmanaged, can impair judgment, reduce job satisfaction, and increase the likelihood of burnout. Understanding and accurately measuring this stress is essential to improving physician well-being and patient safety. Objective: This study aimed to develop and validate a multidimensional tool to assess stress among emergency physicians and to explore its relationship with key patient-related outcomes. Methods: A cross-sectional study was conducted in Sudan from February to July 2025. A structured, self-administered online questionnaire was distributed to practicing emergency physicians across multiple hospitals. The tool underwent content and construct validation, with exploratory factor analysis used to identify underlying stress domains. Logistic regression was applied to examine associations between overall stress levels and self-reported clinical outcomes, including medical errors and turnover intention. Results: A total of 202 emergency physicians completed the survey. Four primary stress domains were identified: burnout, workload, psychological distress, and system-related stress. Higher composite stress scores were significantly correlated with increased reports of medical errors (p < 0.01) and a greater intention to leave their current position (p < 0.05). Conclusion: The developed instrument demonstrated strong validity and reliability in assessing multiple aspects of emergency physician stress. Findings highlight that elevated stress levels adversely affect both clinicians and patients. Implementing structured support systems, promoting coping strategies, and enhancing workplace resilience are essential to reduce stress and improve emergency care quality.
Abstract: Background: Emergency physicians (EPs) work in unpredictable, high-pressure environments that demand rapid clinical decisions and constant multitasking. Such conditions expose them to significant occupational stress, which, if persistent or unmanaged, can impair judgment, reduce job satisfaction, and increase the likelihood of burnout. Understandin...
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