Nutritional and Digestibility Profile of Palm Kernel Cake (<i>Elaeis guineensis</i>) Produced in Different Regions of Tanzania

Esta Daudi Mollel; Lusekelo Mwangengwa; Charles Moses Lyimo

doi:doi:10.11648/j.ijast.20250902.13

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Nutritional and Digestibility Profile of Palm Kernel Cake (Elaeis guineensis) Produced in Different Regions of Tanzania

Esta Daudi Mollel^*

, Lusekelo Mwangengwa

, Charles Moses Lyimo

Published in International Journal of Animal Science and Technology (Volume 9, Issue 2)

Received: 25 March 2025 Accepted: 2 April 2025 Published: 29 April 2025

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Abstract

The feed depleted livestock industry gears to exploring non-conventional animal feeds. Among them is Palm kernel cake (PKC) for its potential use as animal feed hence the need for the study. PKC samples from Kigoma, Mbeya and Morogoro were collected for analysis of its nutritional composition, Van Soest fibre analysis and digestibility (invitro and in Sacco) which were done at the Tanzania veterinary Laboratory Agency (TVLA-Dar es salaam) and department of Animal, Aquaculture and Range Sciences (DAARS)- Sokoine University of Agriculture. The study found out that PKC samples from Kigoma and Mbeya had high Crude Protein and Ash (CP 19.2% and 18.1% CP) and (7.6 and 7.3% ash) but less energy (9.6 and 9.4 MJME/kgDM) and ether extract (EE 11.1% and 11.2%EE), respectively compared with those of Morogoro (12.7%CP, 5.6% Ash, 19.8% EE and 14.4 MJME/kgDM) though they had comparable Crude Fibre (CF) value (19.1-22.1). The contents of Neutral Detergent Fibre (NDF, 68.3 and 64.4%), Acid Detergent Fibre (ADF, 34.2% and 31%) for samples of Kigoma and Mbeya, were higher than those of Morogoro (48.8% NDF and 21.4% ADF) with almost similar Acid Detergent Lignin (ADL) results (6.9, 4.7 and 5.4%, respectively). Both Invitro and In Sacco digestibility were higher for samples from Mbeya (51.2 and 53.5%) respectively in comparison to samples from Kigoma (36.8 and 38.9%) and Morogoro (34.6 and 35.8%). In conclusion the study revealed a varying nutritional composition and digestibility of PKC samples collected from different regions of Tanzania which were however within the NRC recommended level hence being suitable for ruminant feeding.

Published in	International Journal of Animal Science and Technology (Volume 9, Issue 2)
DOI	10.11648/j.ijast.20250902.13
Page(s)	39-46
Creative Commons	This is an Open Access article, distributed under the terms of the Creative Commons Attribution 4.0 International License (http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0/), which permits unrestricted use, distribution and reproduction in any medium or format, provided the original work is properly cited.
Copyright	Copyright © The Author(s), 2025. Published by Science Publishing Group

Keywords

Palm Kernel Cake, Nutritional Composition, Digestibility

References

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APA Style

Mollel, E. D., Mwangengwa, L., Lyimo, C. M. (2025). Nutritional and Digestibility Profile of Palm Kernel Cake (Elaeis guineensis) Produced in Different Regions of Tanzania. International Journal of Animal Science and Technology, 9(2), 39-46. https://doi.org/10.11648/j.ijast.20250902.13

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ACS Style

Mollel, E. D.; Mwangengwa, L.; Lyimo, C. M. Nutritional and Digestibility Profile of Palm Kernel Cake (Elaeis guineensis) Produced in Different Regions of Tanzania. Int. J. Anim. Sci. Technol. 2025, 9(2), 39-46. doi: 10.11648/j.ijast.20250902.13

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AMA Style

Mollel ED, Mwangengwa L, Lyimo CM. Nutritional and Digestibility Profile of Palm Kernel Cake (Elaeis guineensis) Produced in Different Regions of Tanzania. Int J Anim Sci Technol. 2025;9(2):39-46. doi: 10.11648/j.ijast.20250902.13

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@article{10.11648/j.ijast.20250902.13,
  author = {Esta Daudi Mollel and Lusekelo Mwangengwa and Charles Moses Lyimo},
  title = {Nutritional and Digestibility Profile of Palm Kernel Cake (Elaeis guineensis) Produced in Different Regions of Tanzania
},
  journal = {International Journal of Animal Science and Technology},
  volume = {9},
  number = {2},
  pages = {39-46},
  doi = {10.11648/j.ijast.20250902.13},
  url = {https://doi.org/10.11648/j.ijast.20250902.13},
  eprint = {https://article.sciencepublishinggroup.com/pdf/10.11648.j.ijast.20250902.13},
  abstract = {The feed depleted livestock industry gears to exploring non-conventional animal feeds. Among them is Palm kernel cake (PKC) for its potential use as animal feed hence the need for the study. PKC samples from Kigoma, Mbeya and Morogoro were collected for analysis of its nutritional composition, Van Soest fibre analysis and digestibility (invitro and in Sacco) which were done at the Tanzania veterinary Laboratory Agency (TVLA-Dar es salaam) and department of Animal, Aquaculture and Range Sciences (DAARS)- Sokoine University of Agriculture. The study found out that PKC samples from Kigoma and Mbeya had high Crude Protein and Ash (CP 19.2% and 18.1% CP) and (7.6 and 7.3% ash) but less energy (9.6 and 9.4 MJME/kgDM) and ether extract (EE 11.1% and 11.2%EE), respectively compared with those of Morogoro (12.7%CP, 5.6% Ash, 19.8% EE and 14.4 MJME/kgDM) though they had comparable Crude Fibre (CF) value (19.1-22.1). The contents of Neutral Detergent Fibre (NDF, 68.3 and 64.4%), Acid Detergent Fibre (ADF, 34.2% and 31%) for samples of Kigoma and Mbeya, were higher than those of Morogoro (48.8% NDF and 21.4% ADF) with almost similar Acid Detergent Lignin (ADL) results (6.9, 4.7 and 5.4%, respectively). Both Invitro and In Sacco digestibility were higher for samples from Mbeya (51.2 and 53.5%) respectively in comparison to samples from Kigoma (36.8 and 38.9%) and Morogoro (34.6 and 35.8%). In conclusion the study revealed a varying nutritional composition and digestibility of PKC samples collected from different regions of Tanzania which were however within the NRC recommended level hence being suitable for ruminant feeding.
},
 year = {2025}
}

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TY  - JOUR
T1  - Nutritional and Digestibility Profile of Palm Kernel Cake (Elaeis guineensis) Produced in Different Regions of Tanzania

AU  - Esta Daudi Mollel
AU  - Lusekelo Mwangengwa
AU  - Charles Moses Lyimo
Y1  - 2025/04/29
PY  - 2025
N1  - https://doi.org/10.11648/j.ijast.20250902.13
DO  - 10.11648/j.ijast.20250902.13
T2  - International Journal of Animal Science and Technology
JF  - International Journal of Animal Science and Technology
JO  - International Journal of Animal Science and Technology
SP  - 39
EP  - 46
PB  - Science Publishing Group
SN  - 2640-1312
UR  - https://doi.org/10.11648/j.ijast.20250902.13
AB  - The feed depleted livestock industry gears to exploring non-conventional animal feeds. Among them is Palm kernel cake (PKC) for its potential use as animal feed hence the need for the study. PKC samples from Kigoma, Mbeya and Morogoro were collected for analysis of its nutritional composition, Van Soest fibre analysis and digestibility (invitro and in Sacco) which were done at the Tanzania veterinary Laboratory Agency (TVLA-Dar es salaam) and department of Animal, Aquaculture and Range Sciences (DAARS)- Sokoine University of Agriculture. The study found out that PKC samples from Kigoma and Mbeya had high Crude Protein and Ash (CP 19.2% and 18.1% CP) and (7.6 and 7.3% ash) but less energy (9.6 and 9.4 MJME/kgDM) and ether extract (EE 11.1% and 11.2%EE), respectively compared with those of Morogoro (12.7%CP, 5.6% Ash, 19.8% EE and 14.4 MJME/kgDM) though they had comparable Crude Fibre (CF) value (19.1-22.1). The contents of Neutral Detergent Fibre (NDF, 68.3 and 64.4%), Acid Detergent Fibre (ADF, 34.2% and 31%) for samples of Kigoma and Mbeya, were higher than those of Morogoro (48.8% NDF and 21.4% ADF) with almost similar Acid Detergent Lignin (ADL) results (6.9, 4.7 and 5.4%, respectively). Both Invitro and In Sacco digestibility were higher for samples from Mbeya (51.2 and 53.5%) respectively in comparison to samples from Kigoma (36.8 and 38.9%) and Morogoro (34.6 and 35.8%). In conclusion the study revealed a varying nutritional composition and digestibility of PKC samples collected from different regions of Tanzania which were however within the NRC recommended level hence being suitable for ruminant feeding.

VL  - 9
IS  - 2
ER  -

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Author Information

Esta Daudi Mollel

Sokoine University of Agriculture, College of Agriculture, Department of Animal, Aquaculture and Range Sciences, Morogoro Tanzania

Contact Email

http://orcid.org/0009-0009-6684-1957
Lusekelo Mwangengwa

Sokoine University of Agriculture, College of Veterinary Medicine and Biomedical Sciences, Department of Physiology, Biochemistry and Pharmacology, Morogoro Tanzania

Contact Email

http://orcid.org/0009-0003-6586-0167
Charles Moses Lyimo

Sokoine University of Agriculture, College of Agriculture, Department of Animal, Aquaculture and Range Sciences, Morogoro Tanzania

Contact Email

http://orcid.org/0000-0002-8739-0253

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APA Style

Mollel, E. D., Mwangengwa, L., Lyimo, C. M. (2025). Nutritional and Digestibility Profile of Palm Kernel Cake (Elaeis guineensis) Produced in Different Regions of Tanzania. International Journal of Animal Science and Technology, 9(2), 39-46. https://doi.org/10.11648/j.ijast.20250902.13

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ACS Style

Mollel, E. D.; Mwangengwa, L.; Lyimo, C. M. Nutritional and Digestibility Profile of Palm Kernel Cake (Elaeis guineensis) Produced in Different Regions of Tanzania. Int. J. Anim. Sci. Technol. 2025, 9(2), 39-46. doi: 10.11648/j.ijast.20250902.13

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AMA Style

Mollel ED, Mwangengwa L, Lyimo CM. Nutritional and Digestibility Profile of Palm Kernel Cake (Elaeis guineensis) Produced in Different Regions of Tanzania. Int J Anim Sci Technol. 2025;9(2):39-46. doi: 10.11648/j.ijast.20250902.13

Copy | Download

@article{10.11648/j.ijast.20250902.13,
  author = {Esta Daudi Mollel and Lusekelo Mwangengwa and Charles Moses Lyimo},
  title = {Nutritional and Digestibility Profile of Palm Kernel Cake (Elaeis guineensis) Produced in Different Regions of Tanzania
},
  journal = {International Journal of Animal Science and Technology},
  volume = {9},
  number = {2},
  pages = {39-46},
  doi = {10.11648/j.ijast.20250902.13},
  url = {https://doi.org/10.11648/j.ijast.20250902.13},
  eprint = {https://article.sciencepublishinggroup.com/pdf/10.11648.j.ijast.20250902.13},
  abstract = {The feed depleted livestock industry gears to exploring non-conventional animal feeds. Among them is Palm kernel cake (PKC) for its potential use as animal feed hence the need for the study. PKC samples from Kigoma, Mbeya and Morogoro were collected for analysis of its nutritional composition, Van Soest fibre analysis and digestibility (invitro and in Sacco) which were done at the Tanzania veterinary Laboratory Agency (TVLA-Dar es salaam) and department of Animal, Aquaculture and Range Sciences (DAARS)- Sokoine University of Agriculture. The study found out that PKC samples from Kigoma and Mbeya had high Crude Protein and Ash (CP 19.2% and 18.1% CP) and (7.6 and 7.3% ash) but less energy (9.6 and 9.4 MJME/kgDM) and ether extract (EE 11.1% and 11.2%EE), respectively compared with those of Morogoro (12.7%CP, 5.6% Ash, 19.8% EE and 14.4 MJME/kgDM) though they had comparable Crude Fibre (CF) value (19.1-22.1). The contents of Neutral Detergent Fibre (NDF, 68.3 and 64.4%), Acid Detergent Fibre (ADF, 34.2% and 31%) for samples of Kigoma and Mbeya, were higher than those of Morogoro (48.8% NDF and 21.4% ADF) with almost similar Acid Detergent Lignin (ADL) results (6.9, 4.7 and 5.4%, respectively). Both Invitro and In Sacco digestibility were higher for samples from Mbeya (51.2 and 53.5%) respectively in comparison to samples from Kigoma (36.8 and 38.9%) and Morogoro (34.6 and 35.8%). In conclusion the study revealed a varying nutritional composition and digestibility of PKC samples collected from different regions of Tanzania which were however within the NRC recommended level hence being suitable for ruminant feeding.
},
 year = {2025}
}

Copy | Download

TY  - JOUR
T1  - Nutritional and Digestibility Profile of Palm Kernel Cake (Elaeis guineensis) Produced in Different Regions of Tanzania

AU  - Esta Daudi Mollel
AU  - Lusekelo Mwangengwa
AU  - Charles Moses Lyimo
Y1  - 2025/04/29
PY  - 2025
N1  - https://doi.org/10.11648/j.ijast.20250902.13
DO  - 10.11648/j.ijast.20250902.13
T2  - International Journal of Animal Science and Technology
JF  - International Journal of Animal Science and Technology
JO  - International Journal of Animal Science and Technology
SP  - 39
EP  - 46
PB  - Science Publishing Group
SN  - 2640-1312
UR  - https://doi.org/10.11648/j.ijast.20250902.13
AB  - The feed depleted livestock industry gears to exploring non-conventional animal feeds. Among them is Palm kernel cake (PKC) for its potential use as animal feed hence the need for the study. PKC samples from Kigoma, Mbeya and Morogoro were collected for analysis of its nutritional composition, Van Soest fibre analysis and digestibility (invitro and in Sacco) which were done at the Tanzania veterinary Laboratory Agency (TVLA-Dar es salaam) and department of Animal, Aquaculture and Range Sciences (DAARS)- Sokoine University of Agriculture. The study found out that PKC samples from Kigoma and Mbeya had high Crude Protein and Ash (CP 19.2% and 18.1% CP) and (7.6 and 7.3% ash) but less energy (9.6 and 9.4 MJME/kgDM) and ether extract (EE 11.1% and 11.2%EE), respectively compared with those of Morogoro (12.7%CP, 5.6% Ash, 19.8% EE and 14.4 MJME/kgDM) though they had comparable Crude Fibre (CF) value (19.1-22.1). The contents of Neutral Detergent Fibre (NDF, 68.3 and 64.4%), Acid Detergent Fibre (ADF, 34.2% and 31%) for samples of Kigoma and Mbeya, were higher than those of Morogoro (48.8% NDF and 21.4% ADF) with almost similar Acid Detergent Lignin (ADL) results (6.9, 4.7 and 5.4%, respectively). Both Invitro and In Sacco digestibility were higher for samples from Mbeya (51.2 and 53.5%) respectively in comparison to samples from Kigoma (36.8 and 38.9%) and Morogoro (34.6 and 35.8%). In conclusion the study revealed a varying nutritional composition and digestibility of PKC samples collected from different regions of Tanzania which were however within the NRC recommended level hence being suitable for ruminant feeding.

VL  - 9
IS  - 2
ER  -

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