Effect of Insemination Frequency and Type of Semen on Quantity and Quality of <i>In vivo</i> Produced Embryos from Ethiopian Boran Heifers

Ayda Mohammed; Sayid Ali; Hunduma Dinka; Jeilu Jemal

doi:doi:10.11648/j.ijast.20250902.14

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Effect of Insemination Frequency and Type of Semen on Quantity and Quality of In vivo Produced Embryos from Ethiopian Boran Heifers

Ayda Mohammed^*

, Sayid Ali

, Hunduma Dinka

, Jeilu Jemal

Published in International Journal of Animal Science and Technology (Volume 9, Issue 2)

Received: 5 March 2025 Accepted: 9 April 2025 Published: 29 April 2025

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Abstract

The use of proper superovulation technique, types of semen, frequency of artificial insemination, health condition of cattle and type of breeds are some of the common factors that directly affects the success of embryo transfer programmes. Therefore, this study was conducted to evaluate effects of AI frequency and semen type on quantity and quality of in vivo produced embryos in Ethiopian Boran heifers. In this study, Randomized Experimental Design was used in which 12 donor Boran heifers were super ovulated and embryos were collected. Donors were randomly allocated to two experimental groups: Group-one-6 donors were inseminated two times (3 donors each with conventional and sexed semen) at 12 and 18 hrs interval whereas in group-two-6 donors were inseminated three times (3 donors each with conventional and sexed semen) at 12, 17 and 22 hrs interval. The results of the study showed that mean number of 7.2 ± 1.9 and 9.0 ± 2.5 for CL and 2.2 ± 0.7 and 5.7 ± 1.5 for UOF were counted from donors grouped under two and three times AI frequency. Mean number of CL and UOF counted from donors grouped under conventional and sexed semen treatment were 9.0 ± 2.8 and 7.2 ± 1.45; 4.8 ± 1.8 and 3.0 ± 0.8, respectively. The number of CL and UOF counted from donors under two and three times AI and conventional and sexed semen treatment were not significantly (p > 0.05) different. Mean number of total flush output counted from donors grouped under two and three times AI frequency were 3.5 ± 0.43 and 7.3 ± 2.2, respectively. For conventional and sexed semen insemination, mean number of total flush output counted from donors were 7.00 ± 1.93 and 3.8 ± 1.35, respectively. Mean number of UFO counted from donors under two and three times AI were 2.3 ± 1.4; 2.7 ± 1.3 and Mean number of UFO counted from donors under conventional and sexed semen insemination were 3.5 ± 1.15; 1.5 ± 0.6, respectively. No significant (P>0.05) difference was observed between AI frequencies and semen types in terms of total flush output, number of transferable and non-transferable embryos as well as UFOs recovered from Boran heifer donors. The present findings demonstrated that inseminating Ethiopian Boran heifers two and three times both with sexed and conventional semen did not affect embryo quality and quantity produced in vivo from donors.

Published in	International Journal of Animal Science and Technology (Volume 9, Issue 2)
DOI	10.11648/j.ijast.20250902.14
Page(s)	47-60
Creative Commons	This is an Open Access article, distributed under the terms of the Creative Commons Attribution 4.0 International License (http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0/), which permits unrestricted use, distribution and reproduction in any medium or format, provided the original work is properly cited.
Copyright	Copyright © The Author(s), 2025. Published by Science Publishing Group

Keywords

Boran Heifers, Insemination Frequency, In vivo Embryos, Semen Type, Super Ovulation

References

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[3]	Daba, T., Jemal, J., & Degefa, T. (2022). The possible impact and prospect of animal biotechnology in Ethiopia : From the national SDG perspective. Journal of Global Science Research, 10(2), 001-010. https://doi.org/10.35841/2408-5499.22.10.427
[4]	Juneyid, R., Hassen, A., Kemal, J., & Welay, K. (2017). Assessment on problems associated with artificial insemination service in dairy cattle in Tullo District, West Hararghe, Ethiopia. Ethiopian Veterinary Journal, 21(2), 62. https://doi.org/10.4314/evj.v21i2.5
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[12]	Kaimio, I., Mikkola, M., Lindeberg, H., Heikkinen, J., Hasler, J. F., & Taponen, J. (2013). Embryo production with sex-sorted semen in super ovulated dairy heifers and cows. Theriogenology, 80(8), 950-954. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.theriogenology.2013.07.025
[13]	Mikkola, M., Andersson, M., & Taponen, J. (2015). Transfer of cattle embryos produced with sex-sorted semen results in impaired pregnancy rate and increased male calf mortality. Theriogenology, 84(7), 1118-1122. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.theriogenology.2015.06.012
[14]	Debrezeit Agricultural Research Center (DZARC), agro-meteorology, (2020): Annual weather condition report.
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[19]	Faizah, H. M. S., Richard, F., Meena, P., Stanley, K. L., Amriana, H., Alhassany, A., Yadav, S. B., Marie, L., Crouch B., Son and Saipul, B. A. R. (2018). Multiple Ovulation Embryo Transfer (MOET) in Dairy Cattle in Gatton. Malaysian Journal of Veterinary Research, 9(2), 109-116.
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[22]	Larson, J. E., Lamb, G. C., Funnell, B. J., Bird, S., Martins, A., & Rodgers, J. C. (2010). Embryo production in super ovulated Angus Cows inseminated four times with sexed-sorted or conventional, frozen-thawed semen. Theriogenology, 73(5), 698-703. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.theriogenology.2009.11.009
[23]	Soares, J. G., Martins, C. M., Carvalho, N. A. T., Nicacio, A. C., Abreu-Silva, A. L., Campos Filho, E. P., Torres Júnior, J. R. S., Sá Filho, M. F., & Baruselli, P. S. (2011). Timing of insemination using sex-sorted sperm in embryo production with Bos indicus and Bos Taurus super ovulated donors. Animal Reproduction Science, 127(3-4), 148-153. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.anireprosci.2011.08.003
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Mohammed, A., Ali, S., Dinka, H., Jemal, J. (2025). Effect of Insemination Frequency and Type of Semen on Quantity and Quality of In vivo Produced Embryos from Ethiopian Boran Heifers. International Journal of Animal Science and Technology, 9(2), 47-60. https://doi.org/10.11648/j.ijast.20250902.14

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ACS Style

Mohammed, A.; Ali, S.; Dinka, H.; Jemal, J. Effect of Insemination Frequency and Type of Semen on Quantity and Quality of In vivo Produced Embryos from Ethiopian Boran Heifers. Int. J. Anim. Sci. Technol. 2025, 9(2), 47-60. doi: 10.11648/j.ijast.20250902.14

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AMA Style

Mohammed A, Ali S, Dinka H, Jemal J. Effect of Insemination Frequency and Type of Semen on Quantity and Quality of In vivo Produced Embryos from Ethiopian Boran Heifers. Int J Anim Sci Technol. 2025;9(2):47-60. doi: 10.11648/j.ijast.20250902.14

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@article{10.11648/j.ijast.20250902.14,
  author = {Ayda Mohammed and Sayid Ali and Hunduma Dinka and Jeilu Jemal},
  title = {Effect of Insemination Frequency and Type of Semen on Quantity and Quality of In vivo Produced Embryos from Ethiopian Boran Heifers
},
  journal = {International Journal of Animal Science and Technology},
  volume = {9},
  number = {2},
  pages = {47-60},
  doi = {10.11648/j.ijast.20250902.14},
  url = {https://doi.org/10.11648/j.ijast.20250902.14},
  eprint = {https://article.sciencepublishinggroup.com/pdf/10.11648.j.ijast.20250902.14},
  abstract = {The use of proper superovulation technique, types of semen, frequency of artificial insemination, health condition of cattle and type of breeds are some of the common factors that directly affects the success of embryo transfer programmes. Therefore, this study was conducted to evaluate effects of AI frequency and semen type on quantity and quality of in vivo produced embryos in Ethiopian Boran heifers. In this study, Randomized Experimental Design was used in which 12 donor Boran heifers were super ovulated and embryos were collected. Donors were randomly allocated to two experimental groups: Group-one-6 donors were inseminated two times (3 donors each with conventional and sexed semen) at 12 and 18 hrs interval whereas in group-two-6 donors were inseminated three times (3 donors each with conventional and sexed semen) at 12, 17 and 22 hrs interval. The results of the study showed that mean number of 7.2 ± 1.9 and 9.0 ± 2.5 for CL and 2.2 ± 0.7 and 5.7 ± 1.5 for UOF were counted from donors grouped under two and three times AI frequency. Mean number of CL and UOF counted from donors grouped under conventional and sexed semen treatment were 9.0 ± 2.8 and 7.2 ± 1.45; 4.8 ± 1.8 and 3.0 ± 0.8, respectively. The number of CL and UOF counted from donors under two and three times AI and conventional and sexed semen treatment were not significantly (p > 0.05) different. Mean number of total flush output counted from donors grouped under two and three times AI frequency were 3.5 ± 0.43 and 7.3 ± 2.2, respectively. For conventional and sexed semen insemination, mean number of total flush output counted from donors were 7.00 ± 1.93 and 3.8 ± 1.35, respectively. Mean number of UFO counted from donors under two and three times AI were 2.3 ± 1.4; 2.7 ± 1.3 and Mean number of UFO counted from donors under conventional and sexed semen insemination were 3.5 ± 1.15; 1.5 ± 0.6, respectively. No significant (P>0.05) difference was observed between AI frequencies and semen types in terms of total flush output, number of transferable and non-transferable embryos as well as UFOs recovered from Boran heifer donors. The present findings demonstrated that inseminating Ethiopian Boran heifers two and three times both with sexed and conventional semen did not affect embryo quality and quantity produced in vivo from donors.
},
 year = {2025}
}

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TY  - JOUR
T1  - Effect of Insemination Frequency and Type of Semen on Quantity and Quality of In vivo Produced Embryos from Ethiopian Boran Heifers

AU  - Ayda Mohammed
AU  - Sayid Ali
AU  - Hunduma Dinka
AU  - Jeilu Jemal
Y1  - 2025/04/29
PY  - 2025
N1  - https://doi.org/10.11648/j.ijast.20250902.14
DO  - 10.11648/j.ijast.20250902.14
T2  - International Journal of Animal Science and Technology
JF  - International Journal of Animal Science and Technology
JO  - International Journal of Animal Science and Technology
SP  - 47
EP  - 60
PB  - Science Publishing Group
SN  - 2640-1312
UR  - https://doi.org/10.11648/j.ijast.20250902.14
AB  - The use of proper superovulation technique, types of semen, frequency of artificial insemination, health condition of cattle and type of breeds are some of the common factors that directly affects the success of embryo transfer programmes. Therefore, this study was conducted to evaluate effects of AI frequency and semen type on quantity and quality of in vivo produced embryos in Ethiopian Boran heifers. In this study, Randomized Experimental Design was used in which 12 donor Boran heifers were super ovulated and embryos were collected. Donors were randomly allocated to two experimental groups: Group-one-6 donors were inseminated two times (3 donors each with conventional and sexed semen) at 12 and 18 hrs interval whereas in group-two-6 donors were inseminated three times (3 donors each with conventional and sexed semen) at 12, 17 and 22 hrs interval. The results of the study showed that mean number of 7.2 ± 1.9 and 9.0 ± 2.5 for CL and 2.2 ± 0.7 and 5.7 ± 1.5 for UOF were counted from donors grouped under two and three times AI frequency. Mean number of CL and UOF counted from donors grouped under conventional and sexed semen treatment were 9.0 ± 2.8 and 7.2 ± 1.45; 4.8 ± 1.8 and 3.0 ± 0.8, respectively. The number of CL and UOF counted from donors under two and three times AI and conventional and sexed semen treatment were not significantly (p > 0.05) different. Mean number of total flush output counted from donors grouped under two and three times AI frequency were 3.5 ± 0.43 and 7.3 ± 2.2, respectively. For conventional and sexed semen insemination, mean number of total flush output counted from donors were 7.00 ± 1.93 and 3.8 ± 1.35, respectively. Mean number of UFO counted from donors under two and three times AI were 2.3 ± 1.4; 2.7 ± 1.3 and Mean number of UFO counted from donors under conventional and sexed semen insemination were 3.5 ± 1.15; 1.5 ± 0.6, respectively. No significant (P>0.05) difference was observed between AI frequencies and semen types in terms of total flush output, number of transferable and non-transferable embryos as well as UFOs recovered from Boran heifer donors. The present findings demonstrated that inseminating Ethiopian Boran heifers two and three times both with sexed and conventional semen did not affect embryo quality and quantity produced in vivo from donors.

VL  - 9
IS  - 2
ER  -

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Author Information

Ayda Mohammed

National Animal Biotechnology Research Program, Bishoftu Agricultural Research Center, Ethiopian Institute of Agricultural Research (EIAR), Bishoftu, Ethiopia

Contact Email

http://orcid.org/0009-0008-1602-6578
Sayid Ali

National Animal Biotechnology Research Program, Bishoftu Agricultural Research Center, Ethiopian Institute of Agricultural Research (EIAR), Bishoftu, Ethiopia

Contact Email

http://orcid.org/0000-0002-9978-1550
Hunduma Dinka

Department of Applied Biology, College of Applied Natural Science, Adama Science and Technology University, Adama, Ethiopia

Contact Email

http://orcid.org/0000-0002-3498-7689
Jeilu Jemal

National Agricultural Biotechnology Research Center, Ethiopian Institute of Agricultural Research (EIAR), Holleta, Ethiopia

Contact Email

http://orcid.org/0009-0007-2067-2057

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APA Style

Mohammed, A., Ali, S., Dinka, H., Jemal, J. (2025). Effect of Insemination Frequency and Type of Semen on Quantity and Quality of In vivo Produced Embryos from Ethiopian Boran Heifers. International Journal of Animal Science and Technology, 9(2), 47-60. https://doi.org/10.11648/j.ijast.20250902.14

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ACS Style

Mohammed, A.; Ali, S.; Dinka, H.; Jemal, J. Effect of Insemination Frequency and Type of Semen on Quantity and Quality of In vivo Produced Embryos from Ethiopian Boran Heifers. Int. J. Anim. Sci. Technol. 2025, 9(2), 47-60. doi: 10.11648/j.ijast.20250902.14

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AMA Style

Mohammed A, Ali S, Dinka H, Jemal J. Effect of Insemination Frequency and Type of Semen on Quantity and Quality of In vivo Produced Embryos from Ethiopian Boran Heifers. Int J Anim Sci Technol. 2025;9(2):47-60. doi: 10.11648/j.ijast.20250902.14

Copy | Download

@article{10.11648/j.ijast.20250902.14,
  author = {Ayda Mohammed and Sayid Ali and Hunduma Dinka and Jeilu Jemal},
  title = {Effect of Insemination Frequency and Type of Semen on Quantity and Quality of In vivo Produced Embryos from Ethiopian Boran Heifers
},
  journal = {International Journal of Animal Science and Technology},
  volume = {9},
  number = {2},
  pages = {47-60},
  doi = {10.11648/j.ijast.20250902.14},
  url = {https://doi.org/10.11648/j.ijast.20250902.14},
  eprint = {https://article.sciencepublishinggroup.com/pdf/10.11648.j.ijast.20250902.14},
  abstract = {The use of proper superovulation technique, types of semen, frequency of artificial insemination, health condition of cattle and type of breeds are some of the common factors that directly affects the success of embryo transfer programmes. Therefore, this study was conducted to evaluate effects of AI frequency and semen type on quantity and quality of in vivo produced embryos in Ethiopian Boran heifers. In this study, Randomized Experimental Design was used in which 12 donor Boran heifers were super ovulated and embryos were collected. Donors were randomly allocated to two experimental groups: Group-one-6 donors were inseminated two times (3 donors each with conventional and sexed semen) at 12 and 18 hrs interval whereas in group-two-6 donors were inseminated three times (3 donors each with conventional and sexed semen) at 12, 17 and 22 hrs interval. The results of the study showed that mean number of 7.2 ± 1.9 and 9.0 ± 2.5 for CL and 2.2 ± 0.7 and 5.7 ± 1.5 for UOF were counted from donors grouped under two and three times AI frequency. Mean number of CL and UOF counted from donors grouped under conventional and sexed semen treatment were 9.0 ± 2.8 and 7.2 ± 1.45; 4.8 ± 1.8 and 3.0 ± 0.8, respectively. The number of CL and UOF counted from donors under two and three times AI and conventional and sexed semen treatment were not significantly (p > 0.05) different. Mean number of total flush output counted from donors grouped under two and three times AI frequency were 3.5 ± 0.43 and 7.3 ± 2.2, respectively. For conventional and sexed semen insemination, mean number of total flush output counted from donors were 7.00 ± 1.93 and 3.8 ± 1.35, respectively. Mean number of UFO counted from donors under two and three times AI were 2.3 ± 1.4; 2.7 ± 1.3 and Mean number of UFO counted from donors under conventional and sexed semen insemination were 3.5 ± 1.15; 1.5 ± 0.6, respectively. No significant (P>0.05) difference was observed between AI frequencies and semen types in terms of total flush output, number of transferable and non-transferable embryos as well as UFOs recovered from Boran heifer donors. The present findings demonstrated that inseminating Ethiopian Boran heifers two and three times both with sexed and conventional semen did not affect embryo quality and quantity produced in vivo from donors.
},
 year = {2025}
}

Copy | Download

TY  - JOUR
T1  - Effect of Insemination Frequency and Type of Semen on Quantity and Quality of In vivo Produced Embryos from Ethiopian Boran Heifers

AU  - Ayda Mohammed
AU  - Sayid Ali
AU  - Hunduma Dinka
AU  - Jeilu Jemal
Y1  - 2025/04/29
PY  - 2025
N1  - https://doi.org/10.11648/j.ijast.20250902.14
DO  - 10.11648/j.ijast.20250902.14
T2  - International Journal of Animal Science and Technology
JF  - International Journal of Animal Science and Technology
JO  - International Journal of Animal Science and Technology
SP  - 47
EP  - 60
PB  - Science Publishing Group
SN  - 2640-1312
UR  - https://doi.org/10.11648/j.ijast.20250902.14
AB  - The use of proper superovulation technique, types of semen, frequency of artificial insemination, health condition of cattle and type of breeds are some of the common factors that directly affects the success of embryo transfer programmes. Therefore, this study was conducted to evaluate effects of AI frequency and semen type on quantity and quality of in vivo produced embryos in Ethiopian Boran heifers. In this study, Randomized Experimental Design was used in which 12 donor Boran heifers were super ovulated and embryos were collected. Donors were randomly allocated to two experimental groups: Group-one-6 donors were inseminated two times (3 donors each with conventional and sexed semen) at 12 and 18 hrs interval whereas in group-two-6 donors were inseminated three times (3 donors each with conventional and sexed semen) at 12, 17 and 22 hrs interval. The results of the study showed that mean number of 7.2 ± 1.9 and 9.0 ± 2.5 for CL and 2.2 ± 0.7 and 5.7 ± 1.5 for UOF were counted from donors grouped under two and three times AI frequency. Mean number of CL and UOF counted from donors grouped under conventional and sexed semen treatment were 9.0 ± 2.8 and 7.2 ± 1.45; 4.8 ± 1.8 and 3.0 ± 0.8, respectively. The number of CL and UOF counted from donors under two and three times AI and conventional and sexed semen treatment were not significantly (p > 0.05) different. Mean number of total flush output counted from donors grouped under two and three times AI frequency were 3.5 ± 0.43 and 7.3 ± 2.2, respectively. For conventional and sexed semen insemination, mean number of total flush output counted from donors were 7.00 ± 1.93 and 3.8 ± 1.35, respectively. Mean number of UFO counted from donors under two and three times AI were 2.3 ± 1.4; 2.7 ± 1.3 and Mean number of UFO counted from donors under conventional and sexed semen insemination were 3.5 ± 1.15; 1.5 ± 0.6, respectively. No significant (P>0.05) difference was observed between AI frequencies and semen types in terms of total flush output, number of transferable and non-transferable embryos as well as UFOs recovered from Boran heifer donors. The present findings demonstrated that inseminating Ethiopian Boran heifers two and three times both with sexed and conventional semen did not affect embryo quality and quantity produced in vivo from donors.

VL  - 9
IS  - 2
ER  -

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