Response of Garlic (<i>Allium sativum</i> L.) on Intra Row Spacing and NPS Ratio for Growth, Yield Components and Yield at Bench-Sheko Zone, South Western Ethiopia

Mandefro Gebre Hibstu

doi:doi:10.11648/j.jps.20251302.16

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Response of Garlic (Allium sativum L.) on Intra Row Spacing and NPS Ratio for Growth, Yield Components and Yield at Bench-Sheko Zone, South Western Ethiopia

Mandefro Gebre Hibstu^*

Published in Journal of Plant Sciences (Volume 13, Issue 2)

Received: 16 October 2024 Accepted: 31 December 2024 Published: 29 April 2025

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Abstract

The objective of this study is to identify the optimum Nitrogen, Phosphorus and sulfur and plant density for maximum production of garlic crop in the study area. Garlic is an important condiment and cash crop in Ethiopia. Low yield and productivity of the crop are the major characteristics of the crop in the country. The field experiment was composed of three intra raw spacing and four labels of NPS ratio, three levels of intra-row spacing with 5 cm, 10 cm and 15 cm laid out in a Randomized Complete Block Design replicated three times. Data pertaining growth, yield and yield-related parameters were collected and analyzed using SAS version 9.3. The result of the study revealed that almost all of the variables considered were significantly affected by the interaction between NPS ratio and intra-row spacing. As a result,, bulb length (4.71 cm), bulb diameter (3.7 cm), bulb weight (59.0 g), clove number per bulb (29.00), dry matter (37.13 %), marketable bulb yield (kg ha-1) (6715.87 kg ha-1), unmarketable bulb yield (kg ha-1) (607.67 kg ha-1), total bulb yield per hectare (kg ha-1) (7313.97 kg ha-1) and harvest index (57.93 %). The highest marginal rate of return of garlic (873.75 %) was obtained from the treatment combination of 19: 38: 7 labels of NPS ratio with wider intra row spacing (15 cm). The minimum marginal rate of return (-7,160.1 %) was recorded from the treatment combination of 0: 0: 0 labels of NPS ratio with medium intra row spacing (10 cm). The correlation analysis indicated that the relationship between marketable yield and all variables except unmarketable bulb yield and total bulb yield (where negative and significant) was positive and highly significant (P<0.001). According to the findings of this study, it can be concluded that applying 19: 38: 7 labels of NPS ratio combined with the wider intra row spacing (15 cm) helps to produce higher product in the study area. Because it was helps to produce higher marginal rate of return. Therefore, it is better to use 19: 38: 7 labels of NPS ratio combined with the wider intra row spacing (15 cm) for producing higher garlic product in the study area. But, since the current study was limited to a single season at a single location and varieties, it should be repeated across locations, seasons and varieties for comprehensive recommendation.

Published in	Journal of Plant Sciences (Volume 13, Issue 2)
DOI	10.11648/j.jps.20251302.16
Page(s)	73-79
Creative Commons	This is an Open Access article, distributed under the terms of the Creative Commons Attribution 4.0 International License (http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0/), which permits unrestricted use, distribution and reproduction in any medium or format, provided the original work is properly cited.
Copyright	Copyright © The Author(s), 2025. Published by Science Publishing Group

Keywords

Garlic, NPS Bulb, Spacing, Yield and Yield Component

References

[1]	Abou EM M, El-Shourbagy MT, Shehata SM (2012). A Comparative study on the Productivity of Four Egyptian Garlic Cultivars Grown Under Various Organic Material in Comparison to Conventional Chemical Fertilizer. Australian Journal Basic and Applied Science volume 6(3) page: 415-421.
[2]	Bewuket Gashaw (2021). Evaluation of Different Rates of NPS on Growth and Yield Performances of Garlic (Allium sativum L.) in Cheha District, Gurage Zone, Ethiopia. International Journal of Agronomy Volume 7742386, pages, 5.
[3]	Dasash, Atalay (2019). Effect of Intra-Row Spacing and Nitrogen Fertilizer Rate on Growth and Yield of Onion (Allium cepa L.) Under Irrigation Condition in Mecha District of Amhara Region. http://hdl.handle.net/123456789/10084
[4]	Diriba-Shiferaw G, Nigussie Dechassa R, Kebede Woldetsadik Getachew Tabor and Sharma J. J (2015). Effect of Nitrogen, Phosphorus, and S ulphur Fertilizers on Growth, Yield, and Economic Returns of Garlic (Allium sativum L.). Science, Technology and Arts Research Journal, volume 4(2): page, 10-22.
[5]	EIAR (2007). Guideline of crop production technologies. Retrieved from www.eiar.gov.et/
[6]	Food and Agriculture Organization (FAO) (2003). Global review of area and production of garlic, page 135-139.
[7]	Gebretsadik and Dechassa (2016), Agronomic and Economic Evaluation of Nitrogen Fertilizer Rates and Intra Row Spacing on Growth and Bulb Yield of Onion (Allium cepa L.) Under Rainfall Condition. Journal of Biology, Agriculture and Healthcare. Volume 6(21), Page 1-11.
[8]	Gebretsadik, K. and Dechassa, N. (2018), Response of Onion (Allium cepa L.) to nitrogen fertilizer rates and spacing under rain fed condition at TahtayKoraro, Ethiopia. Scientific Reports, volume 8(1), page, 9495.
[9]	Getachew Amare &Temesgen Mamo, 2020."Effects of Nitrogen and NPS Fertilizer Rates on Fresh Yield of Garlic (Allium sativam L.) at DebreBrhan, Ethiopia," Journa of Agriculture and Crops, Academic Research Publishing Group, volume 6(8), pages 113-118, 10-2020.
[10]	Hussen, S., Medhin, F. and Tadesse, A., (2014), Effect of intra-row spacing on growth performance of garlic (Allium sativum) at the experimental site of wollo university, south wollo, Ethiopia, European Journal of Agriculture and Forestory Research volume, 2(4): page, 54-61.
[11]	Israr Ullah Khan, Muhammad Saleem Jilani, Muhammad Amjad Nadeem, Mehwish Kiran, Tehseen Ali Jilani and Husnain Saleem (2021). Impact of N-fertilization on Onion Bulb Production of Different Genotypes through Onion-Set, International Journal on Emerging Technologiesvolume 12(2): page, 161-170.
[12]	Janet, B. (2008). Garlic: Organic production. Retrieved from www.eduinca.net/elibrary/en/book/download/id/7777
[13]	Kahsay, Y., Belew, D. and Abay, F. (2013), Effect of intra-row spacing on yield and quality of some onion varieties (Allium cepa L.) at Aksum, Northern Ethiopia. African Journal of plant science, volume, 7(12), page, 613-622.
[14]	Memane PG, Tomar RS, Kakade DK, Kulkarni GU and Chovatia RS (2008). Effect of Clove Weight and Plant Growth Regulators on Growth and Yield of Garlic (Allium sativum Linn) cv GG 3. The Asian Journal of Horticulture volume, 3(1): page, 82-86.
[15]	Mulatu A., Tesfaye B. and Getachew E. (2017). The Influence of Nitrogen and Phosphorus on the Growth and Bulb Yield of Garlic (Allium sativum L.) Varieties at Beressa Watershed, MesqanWoreda, South Central Ethiopia, International Scholars Journals volume 5(3): page, 282-288.
[16]	Pandey UB (2012). Garlic, Handbook of herbs and spices, Woodhead Publishing.
[17]	Potgieter, J. (2006). Verbal communication on macroelements application time, Researcher, Limpopo Department of Agriculture, April 2006.

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Hibstu, M. G. (2025). Response of Garlic (Allium sativum L.) on Intra Row Spacing and NPS Ratio for Growth, Yield Components and Yield at Bench-Sheko Zone, South Western Ethiopia. Journal of Plant Sciences, 13(2), 73-79. https://doi.org/10.11648/j.jps.20251302.16

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ACS Style

Hibstu, M. G. Response of Garlic (Allium sativum L.) on Intra Row Spacing and NPS Ratio for Growth, Yield Components and Yield at Bench-Sheko Zone, South Western Ethiopia. J. Plant Sci. 2025, 13(2), 73-79. doi: 10.11648/j.jps.20251302.16

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AMA Style

Hibstu MG. Response of Garlic (Allium sativum L.) on Intra Row Spacing and NPS Ratio for Growth, Yield Components and Yield at Bench-Sheko Zone, South Western Ethiopia. J Plant Sci. 2025;13(2):73-79. doi: 10.11648/j.jps.20251302.16

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@article{10.11648/j.jps.20251302.16,
  author = {Mandefro Gebre Hibstu},
  title = {Response of Garlic (Allium sativum L.) on Intra Row Spacing and NPS Ratio for Growth, Yield Components and Yield at Bench-Sheko Zone, South Western Ethiopia
},
  journal = {Journal of Plant Sciences},
  volume = {13},
  number = {2},
  pages = {73-79},
  doi = {10.11648/j.jps.20251302.16},
  url = {https://doi.org/10.11648/j.jps.20251302.16},
  eprint = {https://article.sciencepublishinggroup.com/pdf/10.11648.j.jps.20251302.16},
  abstract = {The objective of this study is to identify the optimum Nitrogen, Phosphorus and sulfur and plant density for maximum production of garlic crop in the study area. Garlic is an important condiment and cash crop in Ethiopia. Low yield and productivity of the crop are the major characteristics of the crop in the country. The field experiment was composed of three intra raw spacing and four labels of NPS ratio, three levels of intra-row spacing with 5 cm, 10 cm and 15 cm laid out in a Randomized Complete Block Design replicated three times. Data pertaining growth, yield and yield-related parameters were collected and analyzed using SAS version 9.3. The result of the study revealed that almost all of the variables considered were significantly affected by the interaction between NPS ratio and intra-row spacing. As a result,, bulb length (4.71 cm), bulb diameter (3.7 cm), bulb weight (59.0 g), clove number per bulb (29.00), dry matter (37.13 %), marketable bulb yield (kg ha-1) (6715.87 kg ha-1), unmarketable bulb yield (kg ha-1) (607.67 kg ha-1), total bulb yield per hectare (kg ha-1) (7313.97 kg ha-1) and harvest index (57.93 %). The highest marginal rate of return of garlic (873.75 %) was obtained from the treatment combination of 19: 38: 7 labels of NPS ratio with wider intra row spacing (15 cm). The minimum marginal rate of return (-7,160.1 %) was recorded from the treatment combination of 0: 0: 0 labels of NPS ratio with medium intra row spacing (10 cm). The correlation analysis indicated that the relationship between marketable yield and all variables except unmarketable bulb yield and total bulb yield (where negative and significant) was positive and highly significant (P<0.001). According to the findings of this study, it can be concluded that applying 19: 38: 7 labels of NPS ratio combined with the wider intra row spacing (15 cm) helps to produce higher product in the study area. Because it was helps to produce higher marginal rate of return. Therefore, it is better to use 19: 38: 7 labels of NPS ratio combined with the wider intra row spacing (15 cm) for producing higher garlic product in the study area. But, since the current study was limited to a single season at a single location and varieties, it should be repeated across locations, seasons and varieties for comprehensive recommendation.
},
 year = {2025}
}

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TY  - JOUR
T1  - Response of Garlic (Allium sativum L.) on Intra Row Spacing and NPS Ratio for Growth, Yield Components and Yield at Bench-Sheko Zone, South Western Ethiopia

AU  - Mandefro Gebre Hibstu
Y1  - 2025/04/29
PY  - 2025
N1  - https://doi.org/10.11648/j.jps.20251302.16
DO  - 10.11648/j.jps.20251302.16
T2  - Journal of Plant Sciences
JF  - Journal of Plant Sciences
JO  - Journal of Plant Sciences
SP  - 73
EP  - 79
PB  - Science Publishing Group
SN  - 2331-0731
UR  - https://doi.org/10.11648/j.jps.20251302.16
AB  - The objective of this study is to identify the optimum Nitrogen, Phosphorus and sulfur and plant density for maximum production of garlic crop in the study area. Garlic is an important condiment and cash crop in Ethiopia. Low yield and productivity of the crop are the major characteristics of the crop in the country. The field experiment was composed of three intra raw spacing and four labels of NPS ratio, three levels of intra-row spacing with 5 cm, 10 cm and 15 cm laid out in a Randomized Complete Block Design replicated three times. Data pertaining growth, yield and yield-related parameters were collected and analyzed using SAS version 9.3. The result of the study revealed that almost all of the variables considered were significantly affected by the interaction between NPS ratio and intra-row spacing. As a result,, bulb length (4.71 cm), bulb diameter (3.7 cm), bulb weight (59.0 g), clove number per bulb (29.00), dry matter (37.13 %), marketable bulb yield (kg ha-1) (6715.87 kg ha-1), unmarketable bulb yield (kg ha-1) (607.67 kg ha-1), total bulb yield per hectare (kg ha-1) (7313.97 kg ha-1) and harvest index (57.93 %). The highest marginal rate of return of garlic (873.75 %) was obtained from the treatment combination of 19: 38: 7 labels of NPS ratio with wider intra row spacing (15 cm). The minimum marginal rate of return (-7,160.1 %) was recorded from the treatment combination of 0: 0: 0 labels of NPS ratio with medium intra row spacing (10 cm). The correlation analysis indicated that the relationship between marketable yield and all variables except unmarketable bulb yield and total bulb yield (where negative and significant) was positive and highly significant (P<0.001). According to the findings of this study, it can be concluded that applying 19: 38: 7 labels of NPS ratio combined with the wider intra row spacing (15 cm) helps to produce higher product in the study area. Because it was helps to produce higher marginal rate of return. Therefore, it is better to use 19: 38: 7 labels of NPS ratio combined with the wider intra row spacing (15 cm) for producing higher garlic product in the study area. But, since the current study was limited to a single season at a single location and varieties, it should be repeated across locations, seasons and varieties for comprehensive recommendation.

VL  - 13
IS  - 2
ER  -

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Mandefro Gebre Hibstu

College of Agriculture and Natural Resource, Department of Horticulture, Bonga University, Kaffa, Ethiopia

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APA Style

Hibstu, M. G. (2025). Response of Garlic (Allium sativum L.) on Intra Row Spacing and NPS Ratio for Growth, Yield Components and Yield at Bench-Sheko Zone, South Western Ethiopia. Journal of Plant Sciences, 13(2), 73-79. https://doi.org/10.11648/j.jps.20251302.16

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ACS Style

Hibstu, M. G. Response of Garlic (Allium sativum L.) on Intra Row Spacing and NPS Ratio for Growth, Yield Components and Yield at Bench-Sheko Zone, South Western Ethiopia. J. Plant Sci. 2025, 13(2), 73-79. doi: 10.11648/j.jps.20251302.16

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AMA Style

Hibstu MG. Response of Garlic (Allium sativum L.) on Intra Row Spacing and NPS Ratio for Growth, Yield Components and Yield at Bench-Sheko Zone, South Western Ethiopia. J Plant Sci. 2025;13(2):73-79. doi: 10.11648/j.jps.20251302.16

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@article{10.11648/j.jps.20251302.16,
  author = {Mandefro Gebre Hibstu},
  title = {Response of Garlic (Allium sativum L.) on Intra Row Spacing and NPS Ratio for Growth, Yield Components and Yield at Bench-Sheko Zone, South Western Ethiopia
},
  journal = {Journal of Plant Sciences},
  volume = {13},
  number = {2},
  pages = {73-79},
  doi = {10.11648/j.jps.20251302.16},
  url = {https://doi.org/10.11648/j.jps.20251302.16},
  eprint = {https://article.sciencepublishinggroup.com/pdf/10.11648.j.jps.20251302.16},
  abstract = {The objective of this study is to identify the optimum Nitrogen, Phosphorus and sulfur and plant density for maximum production of garlic crop in the study area. Garlic is an important condiment and cash crop in Ethiopia. Low yield and productivity of the crop are the major characteristics of the crop in the country. The field experiment was composed of three intra raw spacing and four labels of NPS ratio, three levels of intra-row spacing with 5 cm, 10 cm and 15 cm laid out in a Randomized Complete Block Design replicated three times. Data pertaining growth, yield and yield-related parameters were collected and analyzed using SAS version 9.3. The result of the study revealed that almost all of the variables considered were significantly affected by the interaction between NPS ratio and intra-row spacing. As a result,, bulb length (4.71 cm), bulb diameter (3.7 cm), bulb weight (59.0 g), clove number per bulb (29.00), dry matter (37.13 %), marketable bulb yield (kg ha-1) (6715.87 kg ha-1), unmarketable bulb yield (kg ha-1) (607.67 kg ha-1), total bulb yield per hectare (kg ha-1) (7313.97 kg ha-1) and harvest index (57.93 %). The highest marginal rate of return of garlic (873.75 %) was obtained from the treatment combination of 19: 38: 7 labels of NPS ratio with wider intra row spacing (15 cm). The minimum marginal rate of return (-7,160.1 %) was recorded from the treatment combination of 0: 0: 0 labels of NPS ratio with medium intra row spacing (10 cm). The correlation analysis indicated that the relationship between marketable yield and all variables except unmarketable bulb yield and total bulb yield (where negative and significant) was positive and highly significant (P<0.001). According to the findings of this study, it can be concluded that applying 19: 38: 7 labels of NPS ratio combined with the wider intra row spacing (15 cm) helps to produce higher product in the study area. Because it was helps to produce higher marginal rate of return. Therefore, it is better to use 19: 38: 7 labels of NPS ratio combined with the wider intra row spacing (15 cm) for producing higher garlic product in the study area. But, since the current study was limited to a single season at a single location and varieties, it should be repeated across locations, seasons and varieties for comprehensive recommendation.
},
 year = {2025}
}

Copy | Download

TY  - JOUR
T1  - Response of Garlic (Allium sativum L.) on Intra Row Spacing and NPS Ratio for Growth, Yield Components and Yield at Bench-Sheko Zone, South Western Ethiopia

AU  - Mandefro Gebre Hibstu
Y1  - 2025/04/29
PY  - 2025
N1  - https://doi.org/10.11648/j.jps.20251302.16
DO  - 10.11648/j.jps.20251302.16
T2  - Journal of Plant Sciences
JF  - Journal of Plant Sciences
JO  - Journal of Plant Sciences
SP  - 73
EP  - 79
PB  - Science Publishing Group
SN  - 2331-0731
UR  - https://doi.org/10.11648/j.jps.20251302.16
AB  - The objective of this study is to identify the optimum Nitrogen, Phosphorus and sulfur and plant density for maximum production of garlic crop in the study area. Garlic is an important condiment and cash crop in Ethiopia. Low yield and productivity of the crop are the major characteristics of the crop in the country. The field experiment was composed of three intra raw spacing and four labels of NPS ratio, three levels of intra-row spacing with 5 cm, 10 cm and 15 cm laid out in a Randomized Complete Block Design replicated three times. Data pertaining growth, yield and yield-related parameters were collected and analyzed using SAS version 9.3. The result of the study revealed that almost all of the variables considered were significantly affected by the interaction between NPS ratio and intra-row spacing. As a result,, bulb length (4.71 cm), bulb diameter (3.7 cm), bulb weight (59.0 g), clove number per bulb (29.00), dry matter (37.13 %), marketable bulb yield (kg ha-1) (6715.87 kg ha-1), unmarketable bulb yield (kg ha-1) (607.67 kg ha-1), total bulb yield per hectare (kg ha-1) (7313.97 kg ha-1) and harvest index (57.93 %). The highest marginal rate of return of garlic (873.75 %) was obtained from the treatment combination of 19: 38: 7 labels of NPS ratio with wider intra row spacing (15 cm). The minimum marginal rate of return (-7,160.1 %) was recorded from the treatment combination of 0: 0: 0 labels of NPS ratio with medium intra row spacing (10 cm). The correlation analysis indicated that the relationship between marketable yield and all variables except unmarketable bulb yield and total bulb yield (where negative and significant) was positive and highly significant (P<0.001). According to the findings of this study, it can be concluded that applying 19: 38: 7 labels of NPS ratio combined with the wider intra row spacing (15 cm) helps to produce higher product in the study area. Because it was helps to produce higher marginal rate of return. Therefore, it is better to use 19: 38: 7 labels of NPS ratio combined with the wider intra row spacing (15 cm) for producing higher garlic product in the study area. But, since the current study was limited to a single season at a single location and varieties, it should be repeated across locations, seasons and varieties for comprehensive recommendation.

VL  - 13
IS  - 2
ER  -

Copy | Download